Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41785210›Full record

ArticleNeuroendocrinology2026

Association of Glymphatic Dysfunction with Cognitive Performance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes.

Liya Gong, Jing He, Ziqi Wu, Mingxuan Gao, Yanmei Zeng, Wei Cui, Jingwen Luo, Junyan Wen, Ge Wen

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neuroendocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Liya GongDepartment of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Jing HeDepartment of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Ziqi WuDepartment of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Mingxuan GaoDepartment of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Yanmei ZengDepartment of Endocrinology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Wei CuiGE Healthcare, MR Research, Tianjin, China.
Jingwen LuoDepartment of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Junyan WenDepartment of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Ge WenDepartment of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, wenge@smu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

<p>Introduction: The glymphatic system (GS) is a brain-wide clearance pathway whose dysfunction has been implicated in cognitive decline. This study was designed to assess GS alterations in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using multiple MRI-derived metrics and to examine their associations with cognitive performance.

methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2023 to June 2024 at Nanfang Hospital, a tertiary care center. A total of 147 participants were recruited, including 52 patients with T2DM, 44 with prediabetes, and 51 healthy controls (HC). All participants underwent brain MRI, laboratory examinations, and cognitive function assessments. GS function was evaluated using MRI-derived metrics, including choroid plexus (CP) volume, perivascular space (PVS) volume, free water (FW) index, and the diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the PVS (DTI-ALPS) index. Group differences were tested with general linear models adjusted for sex, age, and education, and associations with clinical variables were evaluated using partial correlations.

resultsCompared with HC, prediabetes showed increased CP volume and FW index, without significant changes in DTI-ALPS index or PVS volume. T2DM showed reduced DTI-ALPS index, increased CP volume, and higher FW index, with unchanged PVS volume. In both groups, lower DTI-ALPS index and higher CP volume or FW index correlated with poorer cognitive performance.

conclusionPrediabetes and T2DM exhibit GS alterations, including reduced DTI-ALPS index and increased CP volume and FW index, which are associated with poorer cognition. GS metrics may serve as potential neuroimaging biomarkers for cognitive impairment in this population. </p>.

Indexed as

CognitionCognitive DysfunctionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glymphatic SystemPrediabetic StateAgedCross-Sectional StudiesDiffusion Tensor ImagingFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedCognitive functionGlymphatic systemMagnetic resonance imagingPrediabetesType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41785210
PMCPMC13143255

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.