Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41787311›Full record

ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2026

Red blood cell metrics as predictors of cardiovascular risk in anemic versus non-anemic heart failure patients.

Samira Arami, Bahare Gholami Chaboki, Arsalan Salari, Fatemeh Baharvand, Seyed Mehdi Mousavi, Zahra Ahmadnia

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Samira AramiCardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Bahare Gholami ChabokiCardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Arsalan SalariCardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Fatemeh BaharvandCardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Seyed Mehdi MousaviCardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Zahra AhmadniaCardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. zahmadnia1365@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic heart failure is a growing health concern globally, with rising prevalence and considerable social and economic impact as a leading cause of death. Although significant progress has been made in cardiovascular disease treatment over the last two decades, this condition continues to pose a significant clinical challenge. The connection between red blood cell parameters and major cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic heart failure remains poorly understood. Assessing these metrics could enhance our ability to predict long-term cardiovascular outcomes in this patient population. MATERIALS AND

methodsIn this single-center, retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort, 419 chronic HF patients (mean age 63.70 ± 11.67 years) were enrolled between 2023 and 2024 and categorized into anemic (n = 251) and non-anemic (n = 168) groups based on WHO hemoglobin criteria. Baseline demographic, clinical, and hematological parameters (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, Hb, HCT) were recorded. Patients were monitored over 12 months for major adverse cardiovascular events, encompassing cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or cardiac rehospitalization. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 16, with significance defined as p < 0.05.

resultsAnemic patients had a higher prevalence of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, prior CABG, and smoking (all p < 0.05). They also exhibited significantly lower MCH, MCHC, Hb, and HCT, and higher RDW (p < 0.05). Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between various RBC indices and hematological parameters in both groups. However, in the multivariable analysis, none of the RBC indices including hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCH, and MCHC were independent predictors of rehospitalization or all-cause mortality (all p > 0.05). Hyperlipidemia showed a non-significant trend toward increased all-cause mortality (OR: 1.675; 95% CI: 0.954–2.942; p = 0.073).

conclusionAlthough anemia and aberrant red blood cell indices correlate with an unfavorable clinical profile in heart failure patients, they did not independently predict short-term major adverse cardiovascular events in this study population. This implies that the prognostic significance of these standard hematologic parameters may be constrained in advanced heart failure.

Indexed as

AnemiaErythrocyte IndicesErythrocytesHeart FailureAgedBiomarkersChronic DiseaseFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHemoglobinsHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient ReadmissionPredictive Value of TestsPrevalenceBiomarkersHemoglobinsAnemiaErythrocytesHeart disease risk factorsHeart failure

Identifiers

PMID41787311
PMCPMC12961884

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.