Observational studyBMC pregnancy and childbirth2026
Moderating effect of dysmenorrhea on the association between number of pregnancies and antenatal depression in the third trimester: a cross-sectional study.
Observational study in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the relationship between third-trimester antenatal depression (AND) and the number of pregnancies, considering the possible moderating role of dysmenorrhea.
methodsA total of 1,178 pregnant women in their third trimester were included in this cross-sectional observational study. The pregnant women were categorized into those with and without dysmenorrhea. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a validated instrument for perinatal depression screening applicable to both antenatal and postnatal populations. Regression analysis and simple slope analysis to evaluate the moderating effect of dysmenorrhea.
resultsThe non-dysmenorrhea group exhibited significantly higher age, pre-pregnancy BMI, number of pregnancies or deliveries, and lower EPDS scores than the dysmenorrhea group (p < 0.05). In both groups, an inverse relationship was observed between educational levels and EPDS scores (p < 0.001). For the non-dysmenorrhea group, age was inversely related to the EPDS scores (p < 0.001). Within the dysmenorrhea group, the number of Pregnancies and the count of deliveries demonstrated a positive association with EPDS scores (p < 0.001). A negative correlation with EPDS scores was found for both age and the educational levels of the husbands (p < 0.05). Dysmenorrhea was linked to a positive correlation with EPDS scores (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the interaction between the number of pregnancies and the presence of dysmenorrhea also demonstrated a positive correlation with EPDS scores (p < 0.05).
conclusionIn conclusion, there is a significant positive link between the number of pregnancies and AND, with further exacerbation by dysmenorrhea.
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