Evidence mapPaperPMID 41787461Full record

Observational studyBMC endocrine disorders2026

Real-world insights into empagliflozin use in heart failure across ejection fractions and patients with or without diabetes: a multicenter study from Bangladesh.

Shahjada Selim, Md Fakhrul Islam Khaled, Dipal Krishna Adhikary, Mir Jamal Uddin, Abdul Wadud Chowdhury, Saidur Rahman Khan, A K M Monwarul Islam, Kazi Nazrul Islam, Sujoy Kumar Saha, Chayan Kumar Singha and 6 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC endocrine disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Shahjada SelimDepartment of Endocrinology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Fakhrul Islam KhaledDepartment of Cardiology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. drfikhaled@bsmmu.edu.bd.
Dipal Krishna AdhikaryDepartment of Cardiology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mir Jamal UddinNational Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Abdul Wadud ChowdhuryNational Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Saidur Rahman KhanDepartment of Cardiology, Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital and Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
A K M Monwarul IslamDepartment of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Kazi Nazrul IslamDepartment of Cardiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sujoy Kumar SahaDepartment of Cardiology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Chayan Kumar SinghaDepartment of Cardiology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Abu Bakar SiddiqueDepartment of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Chinmoy SahaDepartment of Cardiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Suraiya Rahman ShovaDepartment of Cardiology, Bangladesh Specialized Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Khondoker Md Ferdoush SirajDepartment of Cardiology, Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital and Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Syed E ShaudeDepartment of Research and Development, International Network of Doctors Journal, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sajal Krishna BanerjeeFormer Professor of University Grants Commission, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEmpagliflozin, a member of the Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor family, is a promising antidiabetic drug with proven benefits in heart failure (HF). However, its effects in heart failure patients in varying ejection fractions with and without diabetes, and its impact in a real-world clinical setting, remain underexplored.

methodsThis multicenter observational study, conducted in a real-world setting, from November 2022 to October 2023 in four specialized and tertiary care hospitals in Bangladesh. The study included 797 patients diagnosed with heart failure, irrespective of ejection fraction, who received empagliflozin at a dose of 10 mg daily over six months. The primary aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in enhancing clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic parameters in patients with heart failure across ejection fraction types, with or without diabetes.

resultsOf the 797 enrolled patients, 460 (57.7%) had diabetes. Significant improvements were observed in both diabetic and non-diabetic groups across primary and secondary outcomes. Empagliflozin therapy led to improvements in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (p = 0.001), echocardiographic parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.003), and N-terminal pro–B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) levels (p < 0.001). Biochemical markers also showed positive changes, including a significant reduction in serum creatinine (p = 0.001) and improvements in estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) (p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the therapeutic effects were consistent across different age groups, BMI categories, and longer duration of diabetes.

conclusionsEmpagliflozin significantly improved cardiovascular and renal outcomes in heart failure patients, regardless of diabetes status. These findings support the inclusion of empagliflozin in the management of heart failure in clinical practice, particularly for patients with coexisting diabetes or chronic kidney disease. Further large-scale, long-term studies are needed to confirm these results and assess sustained benefits. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

Benzhydryl CompoundsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2GlucosidesHeart FailureSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsStroke VolumeAgedBangladeshFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisBenzhydryl CompoundsempagliflozinGlucosidesSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsDiabetes mellitusEjection fractionEmpagliflozinHeart failureHeart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)

Identifiers

PMID41787461
PMCPMC13072482

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.