Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41787708›Full record

ArticleAnnals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism2026

Impact of growth hormone therapy on ambulatory blood pressure in small-for-gestational-age children.

Manuel Vaqueiro Graña, María José González Burgo, Beatriz Calderón Cruz, Nadia Álvarez Expósito, Carmen Lourdes Rey Cordo, Susana Romero Santos, María Carmen Domínguez Grandal, José Luis Chamorro Martín, Evaristo García Martinez, Ana María Goicoechea-Castaño and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Manuel Vaqueiro GrañaDepartment of Pediatrics, Alvaro Cunqueiro University Hospital, Vigo, Spain.
María José González BurgoDepartment of Pediatrics, Alvaro Cunqueiro University Hospital, Vigo, Spain.
Beatriz Calderón CruzGalicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Spain.
Nadia Álvarez ExpósitoDepartment of Pediatrics, Alvaro Cunqueiro University Hospital, Vigo, Spain.
Carmen Lourdes Rey CordoDepartment of Pediatrics, Alvaro Cunqueiro University Hospital, Vigo, Spain.
Susana Romero SantosDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Meixoeiro University Hospital, Vigo, Spain.
María Carmen Domínguez GrandalGalicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Spain.
José Luis Chamorro MartínDepartment of Pediatrics, Alvaro Cunqueiro University Hospital, Vigo, Spain.
Evaristo García MartinezDepartment of Pediatrics, Alvaro Cunqueiro University Hospital, Vigo, Spain.
Ana María Goicoechea-CastañoGalicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Spain.
Ana Concheiro GuisánDepartment of Pediatrics, Alvaro Cunqueiro University Hospital, Vigo, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposePrematurity and low birth weight increase cardiovascular risk, including hypertension (HTN). However, the combined effect of these factors along with others in the development of HTN is unclear. This study aimed to identify changes in blood pressure in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) patients treated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) by comparison with healthy controls.

methodsWe conducted a case-control study with 72 SGA and healthy controls, aged 6 to 16 years. Blood pressure was assessed through office and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) recordings (at least 40 measurements including daytime and nighttime), and results were compared between SGA children on rhGH treatment and healthy peers.

resultsForty-six SGA children (41% preterm) on rhGH therapy and 26 healthy controls were enrolled. Despite an average of 5 years of rhGH treatment, no significant difference in HTN frequency was found between groups. However, multiple regression analysis revealed a 0.451 increase in 24-hour diastolic blood pressure (DBP) standard deviation score (SDS) in SGA children on rhGH (P=0.032). Daytime DBP SDS was also increased (0.462; P=0.042). An inverse correlation between weight and gestational age at birth was established. SGA children in the prepubertal stage showed a greater increase in 24-hour DBP SDS than those in the pubertal stage (0.499; P=0.009). Overweight was independently associated with increased 24-hour (0.950; P=0.002) and daytime DBP SDS (1.005; P=0.001).

conclusionProlonged rhGH treatment in SGA patients did not increase the risk of HTN. However, ABPM detected subtle changes that highlight the need for careful blood pressure monitoring in overweight prepubertal children.

Indexed as

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoringHypertensionObesityPreterm birthRecombinant growth hormoneSmall-for-gestational-age

Identifiers

PMID41787708
PMCPMC12963737

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.