Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41787752›Full record

Trial reportStress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress2026

Examining the Effectiveness of Breathwork to Improve Resilience and Psychological Wellbeing While Reducing Anxiety, Depression, Stress, and Insomnia in Paramedicine Students: A Single-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial.

Abbie Little, Matthew Stainer, Alex Sandy MacQuarrie, Nicola Wiseman, Brian Haskins

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Abbie LittleGriffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4621-3607
Matthew StainerGriffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4077-6933
Alex Sandy MacQuarrieBond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3969-2481
Nicola WisemanGriffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9288-535X
Brian HaskinsVictoria University, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8445-4477

Funding

Griffith University
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Paramedicine students experience disproportionately high rates of anxiety, depression, stress, and insomnia compared to the general population, placing them at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and long-term psychological distress. Breathwork has emerged as a promising self-regulation intervention that may enhance resilience and wellbeing while reducing symptoms of mental illness. This randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the effectiveness of the A52 Breath Method, a structured breathwork protocol, in improving mental health and resilience among student paramedics. A single-blind parallel-group mixed-methods RCT was conducted with 98 student paramedics from two Australian universities, randomised to either a 12-week breathwork intervention or control, with results interpreted in light of differential attrition. The intervention involved twice-daily practice of slow, diaphragmatic breathing (5-s inhale, 5-s exhale, 2-s hold) with video and guided audio instruction. Outcomes included changes in anxiety, depression, stress (DASS-21), insomnia (ISI), resilience (RS-14), and psychological wellbeing (RPWB-18), between baseline and post-intervention. Analyses included 2 × 2 mixed factorial ANOVA, ANCOVA for baseline differences, and correlation analyses. At post-intervention, participants in the breathwork group reported significantly lower stress, anxiety, and depression scores, and higher resilience compared to controls (all p < 0.05), with medium to large effect sizes. Insomnia and psychological wellbeing showed non-significant changes. Qualitative feedback highlighted perceived benefits for self-regulation, including emotional regulation and perceived psychological safety and control-although challenges to practice engagement was noted. The A52 Breath Method significantly reduced reported symptoms of psychological distress and enhanced resilience in student paramedics, even during exam stress. Breathwork shows promise as a scalable, upstream intervention to support mental health in paramedic student training.

trial registrationRegistered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN12625000101482 on 30/01/2025. Available at: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=388884&showOriginal=true&isReview=true.

Indexed as

AnxietyBreathing ExercisesDepressionResilience, PsychologicalSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersStress, PsychologicalAdultAustraliaFemaleHumansMaleParamedicineParamedicsPsychological Well-BeingSingle-Blind MethodYoung Adultbreathworkemergency respondersmental healthpsychological wellbeingresiliencestressstudent paramedics

Identifiers

PMID41787752
PMCPMC12963692

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.