Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41788016›Full record

Trial reportMaternal & child nutrition2026

Effects of Engaging Fathers and Bundling Nutrition and Parenting Interventions on Child Nutrition Outcomes and Related Parent Behaviors in Rural Tanzania: Results From EFFECTS, a Five-Arm Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Nilupa S Gunaratna, Susmita Ghosh, Lauren Galvin, Joshua Jeong, Savannah Froese O'Malley, Dominic Mosha, Aisha K Yousafzai, Cristiana K Verissimo, George PrayGod, Frank Mapendo and 6 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Maternal & child nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Nilupa S GunaratnaDepartment of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2504-4694
Susmita GhoshDepartment of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9771-8091
Lauren GalvinGlobal Communities, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Joshua JeongDepartment of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Savannah Froese O'MalleyDepartment of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5487-4374
Dominic MoshaEpidemiology Bureau, City of Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
Aisha K YousafzaiDepartment of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1592-8923
Cristiana K VerissimoDepartment of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
George PrayGodMuhimbili Medical Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Frank MapendoAfrica Academy for Public Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0002-0067-7113
Elfrida KumalijaProject Concern International, a Global Communities Partner, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Evidence S MatangiDepartment of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Cara Endyke-DoranGlobal Communities, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Mary Mwanyika SandoAfrica Academy for Public Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Mary Pat KiefferGlobal Communities, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Ramya AmbikapathiDepartment of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Suboptimal diets contribute to child malnutrition globally. The Engaging Fathers for Effective Child Nutrition and Development in Tanzania (EFFECTS) study developed interventions that engaged fathers and delivered bundled nutrition and parenting content and tested their individual and combined effects on child dietary diversity and upstream parental behaviors. In a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Mara, Tanzania, 80 villages were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1:1) to standard care, a nutrition intervention engaging either mothers or both parents, or a bundled nutrition and parenting intervention engaging either mothers or both parents. Eligible households (n = 960) had a child under 18 months at enrollment (October 2018-May 2019). Community health workers (CHWs) delivered gender-transformative social and behavior change interventions through parental peer group sessions before March 2020 and subsequently through home visits. The primary outcome, child dietary diversity, and secondary outcomes on child feeding practices, morbidity, growth, and parental behaviors were assessed prior to, during, and after intervention. Intention-to-treat analyses used generalized linear mixed models. Engaging fathers while providing bundled content increased children's dietary diversity by 0.60 food groups/day (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18-1.02) and 0.96 food groups/week (CI: 0.51-1.41) more than standard care. Significant interaction between father engagement and bundled content was detected for children's consumption of dairy (p = 0.04). Positive intervention effects were detected on several maternal and paternal behaviors related to household food access via home production or local food markets, complementary feeding, and hygiene practices. Gender-transformative interventions, delivered by CHWs engaging both parents with bundled nutrition and parenting content, can synergistically improve children's diets. Trial registration: ACTRN1261900070419.

Indexed as

Child Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaDietFathersParentingAdultFeeding BehaviorFemaleHumansInfantMaleNutritional StatusRural PopulationTanzaniacomplementary feedingdietary diversityfather engagementparentingrandomized controlled trialsocial and behavior changeTanzania

Identifiers

PMID41788016
PMCPMC12963931

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.