ReviewCyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.)2026
Brain Extracellular Space: From an Overlooked Dimension to Catalyst of a Novel Neuroscience Paradigm.
Review in Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite huge investment, therapies for brain disorders remain largely ineffective in clinical practice. Accumulating evidence indicates that this low translational success is closely linked to the long-standing overlook of the brain extracellular space (ECS) in preclinical research, clinical practice, and regulatory frameworks. After over 4 decades of scientific exploration, particularly with recent breakthroughs in imaging and quantitative measurement methods, it is timely to integrate the ECS into the current neuroscience framework. This paper investigates underlying determinants of low translational success of central nervous system drugs and therapeutic devices, reviews the historical and technical bottlenecks that lead to the neglect of ECS research, and emphasizes its transformative potential in reshaping therapeutic strategies. We propose incorporating the ECS into neuroscience research, clinical regulatory assessment, and medical education, thereby establishing a comprehensive paradigm that omits no physical space for precision therapeutics targeting brain disorders.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.