ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Association between estimated glucose disposal rate and cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a fundamental pathophysiological characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is intricately related to neurodegeneration. This study sought to investigate the correlation between estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), an easily accessible and effective indicator of IR, and cognitive impairment (CI) in elderly patients with T2DM. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 871 elderly patients with T2DM. The eGDR was calculated from glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), waist circumference and hypertension status to evaluate the extent of IR in patients. Cognitive function was assessed in all participants utilizing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between eGDR and cognitive function. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis and threshold effect analysis were conducted to elucidate the nonlinear relationship between eGDR and CI. Results: The eGDR levels were significantly lower in the CI group compared to the normal cognition group. Linear regression analysis indicated that eGDR was positively correlated with MoCA scores when expressed as continuous or categorical data after fully adjusting for covariates. Logistic regression analysis revealed that, after adjusting for all covariates, each unit increase in eGDR was associated with an 8% reduction in the risk of CI (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-0.99, Conclusion: In elderly patients with T2DM, eGDR is significantly associated with cognitive function, exhibiting a nonlinear relationship with the risk of CI. This finding provides novel insights for the prevention and management of CI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.