ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Bacterial EVs contain small RNAs and transfer RNAs that regulate inflammation in lung infections.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Probiotics and Extracellular Vesicles as Redox Modulators in Wound Healing: From Microbial Therapeutics to Engineered Nanotherapeutic Strategies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Role of bacterial outer membrane vesicles in immune evasion during infection.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Polymicrobial Extracellular Vesicles Reduce the Innate Immune Response of Human Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Choosing the Right Extracellular Vesicle: Cross-Kingdom Immunological Functions Linking Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Polymicrobial extracellular vesicles reduce the innate immune response of human cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cross-kingdom RNA interference in the dysbiosis-mediated network of vocal fold fibrosis: a pathogenic hypothesis and molecular intervention targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review examines the role of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) in shaping interactions between bacteria and their human hosts. Produced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria during infections, BEVs play a pivotal role in host-pathogen dynamics without necessitating direct cell-to-cell contact. The article explores how BEVs engage with host cells, transporting short interfering RNAs (sRNAs) and transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) to host cells and modulate the immune response by influencing key signaling pathways in diseases such as cystic fibrosis. The article particularly focuses on how BEVs contribute to biofilms and chronic infections through epigenetic modifications that alter immune responses in lung epithelial and immune cells. Additionally, the review identifies gaps in current knowledge and suggests directions for future research on BEVs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.