Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41789391›Full record

ArticleTheScientificWorldJournal2026

Comparative Analysis of Generative AI Language Models in Orthodontics: Evidence-Based Insights Into Perplexity, iASK, and ChatGPT 4o Mini.

Simarpreet Bhamra, Ramya Vijeta Jathanna

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in TheScientificWorldJournal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Simarpreet BhamraDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India, manipal.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4195-9514
Ramya Vijeta JathannaDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India, manipal.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6325-0723

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: This study is aimed at evaluating and comparing the scientific reliability of three large language models (LLMs), Perplexity, iASK, and ChatGPT 4o mini, based on their responses to orthodontic-related queries. Materials and Methods: The three LLMs were prompted with 10 clinical orthodontic questions, and their responses were assessed independently by two evaluators using a structured scoring system (0-10). Statistical analyses, including Pearson and Spearman correlations, Cronbach's alpha, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, were performed to determine interevaluator reliability and model performance differences. Results: Perplexity achieved the highest mean score (7.2), followed by iASK (5.4) and ChatGPT 4o mini (5.2). High consistency between evaluators was observed (Cronbach Conclusion: Perplexity demonstrated superior performance in orthodontic-related queries compared to ChatGPT 4o mini and iASK. The findings highlight the importance of evaluating AI models for clinical applicability and reliability.

Indexed as

OrthodonticsGenerative Artificial IntelligenceHumansLarge Language ModelsReproducibility of Results

Identifiers

PMID41789391
PMCPMC12957766

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.