Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41789551›Full record

ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2026

Evaluation of low and high interstitial glucose concentrations in healthy, nondiabetic dogs using a flash glucose monitoring system.

Rebecca F Brisman, Douglas A Palma, Philip R Fox

Abstract readObservational Study, Veterinary
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Rebecca F BrismanThe Schwarzman Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10065,  United States.
Douglas A PalmaThe Schwarzman Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10065,  United States.
Philip R FoxThe Schwarzman Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10065,  United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFlash glucose monitoring systems (FGMS; FreeStyle Libre) are useful devices for managing diabetic patients. The FGMS is reportedly accurate for diabetic dogs with hyperglycemia and euglycemia but might underestimate glucose concentrations during hypoglycemia. HYPOTHESIS/

objectivesAssess the frequency of low and high interstitial glucose (IG) concentrations recorded in healthy, nondiabetic dogs using FGMS. ANIMALS: Twenty-three hospital employee-owned dogs.

methodsProspective, observational study. The FGMS was placed on all dogs to record ≥488 readings each over up to 14 days. Interstitial glucose concentrations were analyzed to identify the frequency of low, normal, and high IG concentrations. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and comparisons between demographic cohorts were performed.

resultsDuring monitoring, 73.7% (14/19) of participants had at least one low IG concentration (<70 mg/dL), whereas 26.3% (5/19) had at least one high IG concentration (>180 mg/dL). The mean (±SD) percentage of low and high IG concentrations per dog was 2.8 ± 4.3% and 0.8 ± 2.2%, respectively. Markedly decreased IG (<55 mg/dL) and markedly increased (>250 mg/dL) IG concentrations occurred in 63.2% (12/19) and 10.5% (2/19) of dogs, respectively. The frequency of low IG concentrations in dogs weighing 2.5-20.5 kg (2.2%; interquartile range [IQR], 1.1-5.0) was higher (P = .02) than in dogs weighing 20.6-41.4 kg (0.1%; IQR, 0.0-0.7%); the median difference was 2.1% (95% confidence interval, 0.6-10.1). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Low and high IG concentrations were recorded in healthy, nondiabetic dogs, providing a context for interpreting FGMS results in diabetic dogs.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseGlucoseAnimalsContinuous Glucose MonitoringDog DiseasesDogsFemaleMaleProspective StudiesBlood GlucoseGlucosecaninediabetes mellitusfreestyle libreinterstitial glucose

Identifiers

PMID41789551
PMCPMC12963960

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.