Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41790992›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of psychotraumatology2026

The microbiome and PTSD: a scoping review across preclinical and clinical studies.

Ronja Berendse, Marieke Verkleij, Joost Daams, Sian Hemmings, Ramon Lindauer, Aniko Korosi, Jasper B Zantvoord, Anja Lok

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of psychotraumatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ronja BerendseDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Marieke VerkleijDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Joost DaamsMedical Library, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Sian HemmingsDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Ramon LindauerDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Aniko KorosiBrain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Jasper B ZantvoordDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Anja LokDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPosttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that substantially impairs quality of life and global health. Emerging evidence implicates that the human microbiome contributes to PTSD pathophysiology via gut-brain-immune interactions, although the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications remain unclear.

objectiveThis review aimed to systematically map the evidence linking microbiome alterations to PTSD, with a focus on mechanistic pathways, therapeutic potential, and research gaps.

methodsThis scoping review was conducted in Medline, Embase, and PsychINFO from inception to 18-03-2025. Eligible studies included human participants with PTSD and preclinical rodent models employing validated PTSD paradigms. Outcomes of interest included microbiome diversity and composition, gut-brain axis biomarkers, and effects of microbiome-targeted interventions.

resultsFifty studies were included, comprising 20 human, 29 preclinical and one cross-species study. Human observational studies frequently observed reduced overall microbial diversity, along with a loss of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, and an increased abundance of

conclusionCurrent evidence supports an association between PTSD and microbiome alterations, with convergent human and preclinical findings. However, human research remains limited by small, cross-sectional designs, which preclude causal inferences. Rigorous longitudinal and interventional studies are required to establish causality and assess microbiome-targeted therapies as adjuncts in PTSD treatment.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeMicrobiotaStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalHumansalteraciones del microbiomaeje intestino-cerebrofisiopatología del TEPTgut–brain axisgut–brain–immune interactionsinteracciones intestino-cerebro-sistema inmuneintervenciones dirigidas al microbiomamicrobiome alterationsPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)potencial terapéuticoPTSD pathophysiologytherapeutic potentialTrastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT)

Identifiers

PMID41790992
PMCPMC12973796

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.