Evidence mapPaperPMID 41792805Full record

ReviewTrials2026

Patient and public involvement (PPI) reporting in maternal and neonatal clinical trials: an exploratory review.

Kathleen Hannon, Déirdre Daly, Valerie Smith

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Trials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Kathleen HannonSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, 24 D'Olier Street, Dublin, D02 T283, Ireland. kahannon@tcd.ie.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8125-2960
Déirdre DalySchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, 24 D'Olier Street, Dublin, D02 T283, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3045-9894
Valerie SmithHealth Research Board-Trials Methodology Research Network (HRB-TMRN), Galway, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2249-6038

Funding

Health Research Board Trials Methodology Research Network (HRB-TMRN) HRB-TMRN-2021-001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) is increasingly a research priority encouraged by health research funders. It is difficult to know, however, how prevalent PPI is within research. The aim of this review was to gain a contemporary understanding of the frequency and types of PPI being reported in maternal and neonatal clinical trial reports, and if an increase in PPI reporting was evident over time.

methodsAn exploratory review of maternal and neonatal trial reports published in nine healthcare journals between 2017 and 2022 was undertaken. A search was conducted for eligible trial reports in each journal using SCOPUS, in addition to a manual search of each journal's archive. Once an eligible trial report was identified, a search was conducted for the trial's associated protocol. Both trial documents were reviewed for any information on PPI activity. Descriptive statistics of the included trials' characteristics were produced.

resultsThree hundred and fifty-two trial reports, along with the associated trial protocols for 170 trial reports, were identified and included in the analysis. Of these, 48 trials (14%) reported PPI, either within the main trial record (n = 40) or solely in the trial protocol (n = 8). Twenty (42%) of these trials were conducted in the UK. Thirty-six trials reported PPI contributors in trial design and planning, 29 trials reported PPI during the running of the trial, and 20 trials involved contributors in trial analysis and dissemination. There was no sustained increase in PPI reporting over the included timeframe.

conclusionsThere is minimal reporting of PPI in maternal and neonatal clinical trials, with wide variations in the depth of information provided. PPI reporting guidelines in academic journals may be beneficial in prompting researchers to provide PPI information and to raise awareness of the profile of PPI in maternal and neonatal trial research. REGISTRATION NUMBER: The review was not registered.

Indexed as

Clinical Trials as TopicPatient ParticipationResearch DesignFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornPregnancyClinical trials methodologyGRIPP2 checklistMaternal trialsNeonatal trialsPatient and public involvement

Identifiers

PMID41792805
PMCPMC13081287

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.