Evidence mapPaperPMID 41793206Full record

ArticleActa obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica2026

A concept for a new approach to combined oral contraception from adolescence to perimenopause: Continuous use of the oral GnRH antagonist Relugolix and the fetal estrogen Estetrol.

Herjan J T Coelingh Bennink, Karolina Afors, Luis Bahamondes, Alessandra Graziottin, Deborah Bateson, Teresa Bombas, Yutaki Osuga, Santiago Palacios, Carolyn L Westhoff, Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Herjan J T Coelingh BenninkDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-1550-9400
Karolina AforsUniversity College Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5663-7612
Luis BahamondesDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-7356-8428
Alessandra GraziottinDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7973-424X
Deborah BatesonSpecialty of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1035-7110
Teresa BombasDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-2582-819X
Yutaki OsugaTeikyo Academic Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-6660-1066
Santiago PalaciosClinica Palacios, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2229-1200
Carolyn L WesthoffColumbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3622-8846
Kristina Gemzell-DanielssonDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-6516-1444

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The introduction of oral GnRH antagonists has created the possibility to replace progestins in combined oral contraceptives as the suppressor of ovarian function. A concept for this new approach to oral hormonal contraception is the combination of 40 mg relugolix, known to inhibit ovulation, and a low dose of the fetal estrogen estetrol. Major noncontraceptive benefits of this regimen will be the establishment of continuous amenorrhea and a smooth and symptomless perimenopausal transition to the postmenopausal status, creating a life cycle endocrine management approach for women (the RE4Women concept). An additional long-term effect of RE4W is the expected strong reduction of the incidence of breast cancer due to the absence of luteal progesterone and progestins. The dose of estetrol maintaining estrogen function, preventing perimenopausal symptoms, and not causing unacceptable endometrial growth and/or breakthrough bleeding will be assessed in two Phase 2 studies in women aged 18-35 and 36-51 years, respectively.

Indexed as

Contraceptives, Oral, CombinedEstetrolGonadotropin-Releasing HormonePerimenopauseAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMiddle AgedContraceptives, Oral, CombinedEstetrolGonadotropin-Releasing Hormoneamenorrheabreast cancercontraceptionestetrolperimenopausal transitionRelugolix

Identifiers

PMID41793206
PMCPMC13140738

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.