SynthesisActa ophthalmologica2026
Prenatal and childhood exposure to smoking and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness: A meta-analysis of three independent birth cohorts.
Synthesis in Acta ophthalmologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prenatal and childhood exposure to smoking and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness: A meta-analysis of three independent birth cohorts.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Pooled it
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo examine retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) characteristics in relation to prenatal and postnatal smoking exposure in three independent birth cohorts: two Danish and one Australian cohort.
methodsA combined meta-analysis of peripapillary retinal nerve fibre thickness in the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2000 cohort (COPSAC2000), the Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 (CCC2000), and Generation 2 of the Raine Study, utilizing optical coherence tomography.
resultsCompared with participants not exposed to smoking (COPSAC2000 = 209, CCC2000 = 1008, Raine Study Gen2 = 991), 35 COPSAC2000 participants exposed to smoking throughout pregnancy had the most prominent deficits in peripapillary RNFL thickness in the inferior (-10.4% (-16.7; -4.2%), p = 0.001) and nasal (-10.0% (-18.3; -1.7%), p = 0.02) sectors, while 221 CCC2000 participants exposed to smoking had the most prominent deficit in the inferonasal sector (-8.4% (-11.3; -5.4%), p < 0.001), and 112 Raine Study Gen2 participants exposed to smoking (more than 10 cigarettes per day) had the most prominent deficit in the inferonasal sector (-8.9% (-13.0; -4.8%), p < 0.001). In a combined meta-analysis of the three cohorts, deficits in both the global and sectoral (superior, nasal, inferior and temporal) RNFL were observed from exposure to prenatal smoking.
conclusionsPrenatal smoking was associated with deficits in the peripapillary RNFL both globally and sectorally in combined meta-analyses of the three cohorts, which suggest an overall adverse effect of early life smoking exposure on later RNFL status.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.