Evidence mapPaperPMID 41794841Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Pharmacogenetics of RAS-affecting AGT and ACE variants and the efficacy of Valsartan/HCTZ therapy.

Alija Baig, Syed Muhammad Mukarram Shah, Abdulrahman Saad Alfaiz, Muath A Alammar, Mohammad Dhuwayhi Ghazi Alotaibi, Abdur Rauf, Aiman Begum, Zia Ul Hassan, Noorulain Ainy, Wahby Mohammed Babaresh and 1 more

Abstract read
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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Alija BaigDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan.
Syed Muhammad Mukarram ShahDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan.
Abdulrahman Saad AlfaizInternal Medicine Department, Shaqra College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-9488-0516
Muath A AlammarFamily Medicine, Shaqra Collage of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8743-7253
Mohammad Dhuwayhi Ghazi AlotaibiInternal Medicine Department, Shaqra College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-3185-6648
Abdur RaufDepartment of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
Aiman BegumDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Zia Ul HassanCardiology Ward, Hayat Medical Complex Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Noorulain AinyInstitute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar, Pakistan.
Wahby Mohammed BabareshFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen. wahbi.mohammed.pharm@aden-univ.net.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-2325-9609
ZakiullahDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. zakiullah@uop.edu.pk.

Funding

the National Research Programme for Universities (NRPU), the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan 17231
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Considerable inter-individual variability has been observed in the blood pressure response to valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (Valsartan/HCTZ), and genetic differences within the renin-angiotensin system may contribute to this heterogeneity. This prospective cohort study included 354 hypertensive patients treated with Valsartan/HCTZ (80/12.5 mg or 160/12.5 mg). Baseline and 4-week BP measurements were recorded following standardized procedures, and five variants (AGT rs5050, rs5051, rs699, rs4762, and ACE I/D) were genotyped using PCR-based methods. Associations were evaluated through linear and multivariate regression, and multilocus interactions were examined using estimated marginal means. Overall, the cohort showed reductions of 23.2 ± 16.4 mmHg in SBP and 14.8 ± 10.9 mmHg in DBP. Among clinical factors, normal BMI was associated with greater reductions (22.9 ± 15.9; 15.5 ± 9.3 mmHg) compared with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² (14.2 ± 17.3; 10.7 ± 11.4 mmHg). Hypertension-specific diets produced larger SBP decreases (25.6 ± 17.6 mmHg) than unrestricted diets (22.9 ± 16.3 mmHg). Increasing dose had only a modest additional effect. AGT rs5050 showed the strongest genetic association, with SBP decreasing by 26 mmHg in CA/CC carriers versus 13.4 mmHg in AA (p < 0.001). ACE I/D significantly affected DBP, with II carriers achieving 13.7 mmHg versus 8.0 mmHg in DD (p = 0.017). A significant AGT rs5050 × ACE I/D interaction revealed the greatest reduction in AC/II (20.6 ± 2.3 mmHg) and the lowest in AA/DD (3.80 ± 2.33 mmHg). These findings highlight meaningful multilocus effects and support the potential for genotype-guided antihypertensive therapy.

Indexed as

AngiotensinogenAntihypertensive AgentsHydrochlorothiazideHypertensionPeptidyl-Dipeptidase ARenin-Angiotensin SystemValsartanBlood PressureFemaleGenotypeHumansMaleMiddle AgedPharmacogeneticsPolymorphism, Single NucleotideProspective StudiesACE protein, humanAGT protein, humanAngiotensinogenAntihypertensive AgentsHydrochlorothiazidePeptidyl-Dipeptidase AValsartanACE I/D variantAGT polymorphismsHypertensionPharmacogeneticsRenin–angiotensin systemValsartan/hydrochlorothiazide

Identifiers

PMID41794841
PMCPMC13087309

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.