Evidence mapPaperPMID 41795101Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2026

Status and correlates of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms among school-aged female adolescents in Jordan.

Ruba S Hejjeh, Shaher H Hamaideh, Lobna Harazneh, Ahmad M Rayani, Ayman M Hamdan-Mansour

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Article in BMC psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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5 authors.

Ruba S HejjehThe University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Shaher H HamaidehCommunity and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
Lobna HaraznehArab American University, Jenin, Palestinian Territory. Lobna.Harazni@aaup.edu.
Ahmad M RayaniKing Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ayman M Hamdan-MansourThe University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAdolescence is a developmental stage characterized by significant biological, psychological, and social changes. Evidence suggests that nearly half of all mental disorders, including body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), emerge around the age of 14. However, little is known about BDD among Jordanian adolescent girls. Understanding its status and correlates in this population may inform earlyThe authors of this study extend their detection and intervention strategies.

methodsA cross-sectional, descriptive–correlational design was used. Convenience sampling recruited 402 school-aged adolescent girls aged 12–18 years from the northern, central, and southern regions of Jordan. BDD symptoms were assessed using the validated Body Dysmorphic Disorder–Symptoms Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to identify symptom prevalence and associated factors.

resultsParticipants reported overall low BDD symptom levels. The highest mean severity was in the grooming domain (mean = 3.3, SD = 2.6) and the lowest in weight and shape (mean = 1.8, SD = 2.3). Symptom prevalence across domains included weight/shape (10.4%), dermatological/surgical (17.3%), avoidance (26.2%), BDD-related cognition (27.5%), skin picking/hair pulling (32.9%), checking (38.6%), and grooming (52.9%). The most frequent symptom was “changing clothes,” reported by 94.8% of participants. Significant differences in symptom severity were observed among participants with congenital problems or deformities (t = − 6.8, p < 0.001; t = − 5.9, p < 0.001) and health problems (t = -2.4, p=0.016).

conclusionsThis study identifies measurable BDD symptoms among Jordanian adolescent girls and their associations with specific health conditions. While domain-specific effects (e.g., sleep, appetite, or academics) were not directly assessed, findings underscore the importance of early screening and school-based mental health programs to detect and manage BDD symptoms in adolescents.

Indexed as

Body Dysmorphic DisordersAdolescentChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansJordanPrevalenceAdolescentsBody dysmorphic disorderCross-sectional studyFemaleJordanMental health

Identifiers

PMID41795101
PMCPMC13023159

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.