Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41796332›Full record

ArticleBMC neurology2026

Elevated platelet-activating factor levels predict complete brachial plexus injury: a retrospective case-control study.

Ziyang Zhang, Guoxu Ma, Tingting Dang, Yonglu Huang, Fan Gong, Jianke Wu, Xiaoliang Li, Jian Gao, Hanlin Zhang, Yi Ding and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ziyang ZhangDepartment of Hand and Microsurgery, The People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 255, North Zhengyuan Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750000, China.
Guoxu MaDepartment of Hand and Microsurgery, The People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 255, North Zhengyuan Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750000, China.
Tingting DangDepartment of Hand and Microsurgery, The People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 255, North Zhengyuan Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750000, China.
Yonglu HuangDepartment of Hand and Microsurgery, The People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 255, North Zhengyuan Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750000, China.
Fan GongDepartment of Hand and Microsurgery, The People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 255, North Zhengyuan Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750000, China.
Jianke WuDepartment of Hand and Microsurgery, The People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 255, North Zhengyuan Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750000, China.
Xiaoliang LiDepartment of Hand and Microsurgery, The People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 255, North Zhengyuan Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750000, China.
Jian GaoDepartment of Hand and Microsurgery, The People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 255, North Zhengyuan Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750000, China.
Hanlin ZhangDepartment of Hand and Microsurgery, The People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 255, North Zhengyuan Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750000, China.
Yi DingDepartment of Hand and Microsurgery, The People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 255, North Zhengyuan Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750000, China.
Tianyu ZhouDepartment of Hand and Microsurgery, The People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 255, North Zhengyuan Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750000, China.
Bowen ZhangDepartment of Hand and Microsurgery, The People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 255, North Zhengyuan Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750000, China. k18110932855@163.com.

Funding

the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia 2024AAC03513the People's Livelihood Science and Technology Project of Ningxia Autonomous Region 2023CMG03014
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundObjective biochemical markers for stratifying brachial plexus injury (BPI) severity remain lacking. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), an inflammatory mediator implicated in neurological damage, has not been evaluated in traumatic BPI. We investigated whether serum PAF levels predict complete injury and correlate with nerve conduction impairment.

methodsThis retrospective case-control study analyzed 102 traumatic BPI patients (43 complete, 59 incomplete) and 51 matched controls enrolled between January 2020 and December 2023. Serum PAF and nerve conduction velocities (NCV) of median, radial, and ulnar nerves were measured. Multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling, and ROC analysis were performed.

resultsBPI patients exhibited elevated PAF versus controls (171.8±26.1 vs. 147.7±12.1 pg/mL, P<0.001) and reduced mean NCV (19.8±2.6 vs. 64.0±6.1 m/s, P<0.001).PAF correlated inversely with NCV (ρ=-0.50, P<0.001). Complete injuries showed higher PAF (189.3±23.5 vs. 158.9±19.8 pg/mL, P<0.001) and lower NCV (all P<0.001). PAF (OR=1.151 per pg/mL, 95% CI: 1.033–1.284, P=0.011) and mean NCV (OR=0.012, P=0.014) independently predicted complete injury. RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear threshold at 165 pg/mL (OR=5.247, 95% CI: 2.808-9.803). PAF achieved good discrimination (AUC=0.840, sensitivity 84%, specificity 68%), though inferior to NCV (AUC=0.982). A multivariable model combining PAF, NCV, and injury-to-detection interval reached near-perfect discrimination (AUC=0.997).

conclusionsSerum PAF independently predicts complete BPI with a nonlinear threshold at 165 pg/mL. While electrophysiological assessment remains the gold standard, PAF demonstrates potential as a rapid, minimally invasive screening tool in acute settings where immediate nerve conduction studies are unavailable, particularly for triaging patients requiring urgent intervention.

Indexed as

Brachial PlexusBrachial Plexus NeuropathiesPlatelet Activating FactorAdultBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNerve Conduction StudiesNeural ConductionRetrospective StudiesBiomarkersPlatelet Activating FactorBiomarkerBrachial plexus injuryInjury severityNerve conduction velocityPlatelet-activating factorRetrospective study

Identifiers

PMID41796332
PMCPMC13081526

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.