Observational studyEuropean journal of neurology2026
A Real-World Study of CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies for Migraine: Long-Term Effectiveness and Treatment Adherence.
Observational study in European journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP): Biology, Signaling, Pathophysiological Roles, and Therapeutic Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Geriatric Migraine, Geroscience, and Sustainable Development Goals: Bridging Clinical Complexity and Public Health Priorities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCalcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAbs) are effective for migraine prophylaxis; however, real-world evidence beyond 1 year remains limited.
methodsThis single-center, retrospective observational cohort study in Japan included 307 migraine patients who received CGRP mAbs (erenumab, galcanezumab, or fremanezumab) for ≥ 3 months between April 2022 and February 2025 for an effectiveness analysis. Outcomes included monthly migraine days (MMDs), ≥ 50% responder rates, adverse events (AEs), and treatment persistence. Patients were categorized as nonresponders or responders: early (≥ 50% MMD reduction by Month 3), late (Months 4-5), and ultralate (after Month 6).
resultsSignificant MMD reductions were observed across 24 months. The ≥ 50% response rates were 45.9%, 57.0%, 63.6%, and 71.0% at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. AEs occurred in 12.6% and were mild. Early responders had the lowest baseline MMDs and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) scores; nonresponders had the highest baseline MMDs and MIDAS scores and the highest rates of comorbid medication overuse headache (MOH) and psychiatric disorders. Compared with early responders, late and ultralate responders had higher baseline MMDs, higher MIDAS scores, higher rates of MOH, and more prior preventive failures. Additionally, ultralate responders presented the highest rates of photophobia and pulsatile headache and the fewest psychiatric comorbidities. Effectiveness appeared similar among the three CGRP mAbs. Treatment continuation rates were 68.3%, 58.0%, and 50.6% at 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively.
conclusionCGRP mAbs were associated with a long-term reduction in migraine frequency and favorable tolerability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.