ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Attachment and psychopathology in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study of children with type 1 diabetes and their healthy peers.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02575001 (The Influence of Psychobiological Adversity to Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The Influence of Psychobiological Adversity to Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Secure attachment develops in early relationships between infants and their caregivers, providing a foundation for emotional security and mental health across the lifespan. In contrast, insecure attachment is associated with maladaptive stress response and an increased risk of both internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. This study examined the association between attachment (in)security and psychopathology in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared with healthy peers. We also considered caregivers' attachment security and traumatic life events to better understand interacting biopsychosocial factors in children living with a chronic illness. Methods: A group of children with T1D ( Results: Fifty-nine percent of children had secure attachment, 39% were dismissing, and 2% preoccupied; 16% were classified as disorganized. No significant difference in psychopathology was found between children with T1D and their healthy peers. However, insecure/disorganized attachment was associated with higher psychopathology scores. Simple regression showed positive associations between psychopathology and child attachment insecurity, maternal attachment anxiety, and traumatic life events. A more complex model revealed that male sex, the presence of T1D, maternal attachment anxiety in older children, and the interaction between maternal attachment anxiety and traumatic life events were significantly associated with higher levels of psychopathology. Conclusion: Children with insecure, particularly disorganized, attachment showed higher levels of psychopathology. However, when interaction effects were considered, other factors-such as sex, parental attachment, traumatic life events, and chronic illness-emerged as stronger predictors. These findings highlight the importance of attachment- and trauma-informed care that addresses multiple risk factors to support child and family mental health. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02575001.
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