Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41798192›Full record

Observational studyFrontiers in endocrinology2026

Factors associated with diabetic retinopathy among patients with diabetes in rural Guangxi, China: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Xiaomin Xian, Jingfeng Chen, Ziqiang Li, Qiuping Zheng, Xiaoxue Lei, Chaoqun Bai, Yanping Zhang, Guifen Fu

Erratum issuedAbstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xiaomin Xian *Nursing Department, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
Jingfeng Chen *Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
Ziqiang LiDepartment of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
Qiuping ZhengDepartment of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
Xiaoxue LeiDepartment of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
Chaoqun BaiDepartment of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
Yanping ZhangDepartment of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
Guifen FuDepartment of Nursing, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among adult patients with diabetes in rural Guangxi. The secondary objective was to identify demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with DR. These findings could offer practical evidence for improving diabetes management in remote areas. Methods: From January to July 2022, this population-based multicenter cross-sectional study employed a multi-stage stratified sampling method. Initially, five cities were randomly selected within the region. Next, three counties were randomly chosen from each city, totaling 15 counties. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, diabetes-related factors, and laboratory indicators were collected using questionnaires and clinical examinations. DR was assessed through dilated fundus examination or fundus photography. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and identify factors associated with DR. Results: A total of 2,178 patients with diabetes were included, comprising 1,204 males (55.28%) and 974 females (44.72%), with a mean age of 63.25 ± 12.71 years. The prevalence of DR among people living with diabetes in rural Guangxi was 22.36% (95% Conclusion: The prevalence of DR among people living with diabetes in rural Guangxi was 22.36%. This finding underscores the importance of healthcare providers closely monitoring older adults and patients with elevated HbA1c and triglyceride levels.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusDiabetic RetinopathyRural PopulationAdultAgedChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsGlycated Hemoglobincorrelates of DRdiabetesprevalenceretinopathyrural

Identifiers

PMID41798192
PMCPMC12961075

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.