ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Pharmacological advances in multi-targeted strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic perspective based on traditional Chinese medicine.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A real-world pharmacovigilance study of dacomitinib based on FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Centella Asiatica Alleviates Type 2 Diabetes-Related Hepatic Glycolipid Disorders via Regulating UPP1-Mediated Pyrimidine Metabolism.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex systemic metabolic disease driven by insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuro-immune dysregulation. It frequently progresses to multi-organ complications affecting the kidneys, retina, heart, and central nervous system. This review synthesizes mechanistic and translational evidence on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)-related botanical drugs and botanical preparations (formula-based interventions), along with representative plant metabolites that are frequently investigated in the TCM research context (e.g., berberine, baicalin, and tanshinone IIA, which are not unique to TCM). For formula-based preparations, we extracted and reported intervention identity elements (dosage form, complete composition, and processing/standardization as described in primary studies); missing identity items were recorded as not reported (NR) and not inferred. We organized findings across shared T2DM-relevant pathogenic modules, including PI3K/Akt and AMPK signaling, inflammatory outputs (NF-κB/NLRP3), redox regulation (NRF2/ROS), angiogenic signaling (VEGF), and gut-liver-brain-immune network interactions, emphasizing studies in which pathway modulation is accompanied by metabolic or complication-relevant endpoints. To strengthen interpretability and reproducibility, we conducted a structured literature search (2000-2025) and applied evidence grading (human/RCT vs. animal vs. in vitro/in silico), and we critically appraised reporting quality using the GA-online Best Practice in Research - ConPhyMP tool. All source organisms were taxonomically validated using authoritative resources, and full scientific names (including author citation and family) were standardized. We caution that compound-target links, particularly those derived from in silico predictions or single-assay readouts, may be vulnerable to assay interference liabilities (including PAINS) and should be supported by orthogonal validation and outcome-linked readouts before strong mechanistic claims are made. Finally, we outline translational priorities, including rigorous standardization and quality control (distinguishing analytical marker metabolites from bioactive metabolites), improved study design and controls, and well-designed randomized, pragmatic, and real-world evaluations with clinically meaningful endpoints (e.g., HbA1c, complication progression, and safety).
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.