ReviewOncology research2026
The Neuroimmune Axis in Gastric Cancer: Bridging Neural Regulation, Tumor Microenvironment, and Immunotherapy.
Review in Oncology research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cell type-specific pharmacological modulation of the neuro-immune axis: the role of ADRB2 signaling in reshaping the tumor ecosystem.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Patient-derived organoids in gastric cancer: bridging the tumor microenvironment to functional precision oncology.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the neuro-immune axis is central to gastric cancer pathogenesis. Dynamic, bidirectional signaling between neural circuits and immune cells promotes tumor progression, shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and contributes to therapeutic resistance. We synthesize current knowledge on how autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) and sensory innervation regulate gastric cancer biology. These circuits act through neurotransmitters (catecholamines, acetylcholine) and neuropeptides (substance P [SP], calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP]) to foster tumor growth and angiogenesis, facilitate perineural invasion, and enable immune evasion by recruiting suppressive myeloid and lymphoid populations and by inducing checkpoint molecule expression. We also examine how chronic stress and the microbiota-gut-brain axis intensify immunosuppression via glucocorticoid signaling and microbially derived metabolites. In parallel, we discuss why current immunotherapies achieve only modest response rates (approximately 10%-20%) in many settings, emphasizing neurally mediated mechanisms of resistance. We evaluate therapeutic strategies that target the neuro-immune axis-including pharmacological neuromodulation, selective neural ablation, and rational combination regimens-and outline how single-cell approaches and neural-tumor-microenvironment organoid models can accelerate mechanism-driven translation. This review aims to integrate current evidence from neuroscience and immuno-oncology to construct a conceptual framework for neuro-immune regulation in gastric cancer and to identify potential therapeutic strategies to overcome treatment resistance by targeting neural-tumor-immune crosstalk.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.