Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41799554›Full record

ReviewFuture healthcare journal2026

Why is there no regulation despite evidence that ultra-processed foods are hazardous to long-term health?

John O Warner, Alisha Khan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Future healthcare journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Let's talk about death and dying.Future healthcare journal · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

John O WarnerEmeritus Professor of Paediatrics, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Alisha KhanMedical Student, University of Sheffield, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have exceeded infectious diseases as a global health threat. This shift has occurred concurrently with changes to lifestyle and diet, of which the increased consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is particularly concerning. UPFs are defined by industrial processing of often cheaply sourced natural food and inclusion of non-nutritional additives such as azo-dye colourants, non-caloric sweeteners, emulsifiers and preservatives. They now account for approximately half of the caloric intake in many countries and notably by children. These products can compromise nutritional quality while promoting hedonistic hunger and disrupting the gut microbiota. Population studies are increasingly demonstrating an association between high UPF consumption and increased all-cause mortality, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer risk, mental health and neuro-behavioural disorders. While association studies cannot account for all potential confounding factors, triangulation through combining large-scale cohort studies with animal/

Indexed as

Mental healthNon-communicable diseasesObesityRegulationUltra-processed foods

Identifiers

PMID41799554
PMCPMC12964288

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.