Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41800434›Full record

ArticlePerspectives on medical education2026

The Presence and Nature of AI-Use Disclosure Statements in Medical Education Journals: A Bibliometric Study.

Muhammad Ans, Lauren A Maggio, Hamzah Algodi, Joe A Costello, Erik Driessen, Kevin Oswald, Lorelei Lingard

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Perspectives on medical education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Muhammad AnsSchulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, CA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5354-004X
Lauren A MaggioDepartment of Medical Education, University of Illinois Chicago, US.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2997-6133
Hamzah AlgodiSchulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, CA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6831-8743
Joe A CostelloDepartment of Medical Education, University of Illinois Chicago, US.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0412-6562
Erik DriessenFaculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, NL.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8115-261X
Kevin OswaldFaculty of Information & Media Studies, Western University, CA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0517-1377
Lorelei LingardSchulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, CA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4150-3355

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: As AI use becomes more common in research, disclosure policies have emerged to ensure transparency and appropriateness. However, database research in other fields suggests that disclosure may lag behind AI use. Medical education journal editors report that submitted manuscripts rarely include AI-use disclosures, and they perceive a lack of clarity regarding when and how AI use should be disclosed. However, we lack objective evidence regarding the incidence and nature of AI-use disclosure in medical education. Methods: Using bibliometric methods, we searched a database of 24 leading medical education journals for articles published between January and July 2025 (n = 2,762 articles). Screening with Results: 2.5% of empirical articles (n = 51) had an AI disclosure statement. Discussion: AI-use disclosures in medical education journals are rare and appear mostly in work from non-native English-speaking regions of the world. A shared disclosure practice is evident: name the tool and affirm author responsibility, but describe use superficially. This suggests a practice of "safe" disclosure that may be more performative than informative, therefore failing to satisfy the goal of ensuring transparent and ethical AI use in research.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceBibliometricsDisclosureEducation, MedicalPeriodicals as TopicHumans

Identifiers

PMID41800434
PMCPMC12962250

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.