Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41801534›Full record

ArticleFood and environmental virology2026

Inactivation of Avian Influenza Virus in Raw Milk Kefir.

Anna C S Porto-Fett, Sonsiray Alvarez-Narvaez, Poonam G Vinayamohan, Telvin Harrell, Abdulkarim Shwani, David L Suarez, John B Luchansky

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Food and environmental virology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Anna C S Porto-FettU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA. anna.portofett@usda.gov.ORCID 0000-0002-2689-6402
Sonsiray Alvarez-NarvaezU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5353-2081
Poonam G VinayamohanU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6868-9436
Telvin HarrellU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9882-2584
Abdulkarim ShwaniU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-4871-5897
David L SuarezU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4582-6116
John B LuchanskyU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2377-8651

Funding

U.S. Department of Agriculture USDA APHIS intra-agency agreement 60-0208-4-002U.S. Department of Agriculture USDA ARS Project Number 6040-32000-081-000-DU.S. Department of Agriculture USDA ARS Project Number 8072-41420-024-00D
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Both highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and its viral RNA have been detected in raw milk during the ongoing outbreak in dairy cows. While pasteurization effectively inactivates the virus in milk, comparatively little has been published on AIV inactivation in fermented dairy products made from raw milk. We evaluated the viability of two isolates of low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) during fermentation of kefir to assess the potential for viral persistence. Raw (unpasteurized) milk (ca. 3.0% fat) was inoculated with ca. 7.5 log

Indexed as

Influenza A Virus, H5N1 SubtypeKefirMilkVirus InactivationAnimalsCattleFermentationFermentationH5N1H5N9KefirLow pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV)Raw milk

Identifiers

PMID41801534
PMCPMC12971784

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.