Evidence mapPaperPMID 41801605Full record

ReviewCurrent nutrition reports2026

Time-Restricted Eating, Cardiometabolic Health in Obesity and The Optimal Length of the Eating Window.

Bianca Monteiro Silva, Gabriela Geraldo Benzoni, Marcela Coffacci de Lima Viliod, Caroline Fogagnolo, Gabriela Ferreira Abud, Gabriela Ueta Ortiz, Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto, Ana Cláudia Rossini-Venturini, Sofia Germano Travieso, Ellen Cristini de Freitas

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current nutrition reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Bianca Monteiro SilvaDepartment of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Gabriela Geraldo BenzoniDepartment of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Marcela Coffacci de Lima ViliodDepartment of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Caroline FogagnoloDepartment of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Gabriela Ferreira AbudDepartment of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Gabriela Ueta OrtizDepartment of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Ivo Vieira de Sousa NetoLaboratory of Exercise, Physiology and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (EEFERP/USP), Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Ana Cláudia Rossini-VenturiniLaboratory of Exercise, Physiology and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (EEFERP/USP), Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Sofia Germano TraviesoDepartment of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Ellen Cristini de FreitasDepartment of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP/USP), Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. ellenfreitas@usp.br.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewThis narrative review aims to evaluate how the duration of eating windows influences the cardiometabolic effects of Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) protocols among individuals with obesity. In the context of the global obesity epidemic, TRE has emerged as a promising dietary approach, alternative to conventional energy restriction, capable of improving cardiometabolic health by aligning food intake with circadian rhythms. However, due to the heterogeneity across TRE protocols, the impact of eating windows length on these outcomes remains uncertain. Therefore, this review comprehensively analyzes clinical trials assessing cardiometabolic responses across various durations of eating windows to identify which protocol may provide the greatest benefits. RECENT

findingsShort eating windows (4–6 h), although associated with promising metabolic outcomes, often exhibit poor adherence due to increased hunger, fatigue and social constraints, limiting their long-term viability. Moderate eating windows (8–10 h) appear to offer the optimal balance between metabolic benefits, minimal adverse effects and adherence. Long eating windows (12–14 h), despite higher adherence, provide limited metabolic outcomes and are frequently associated with circadian misalignment, potentially increasing the risk of obesity and related metabolic disorders. All the data mentioned were obtained from clinical trials. TRE has evolved as a promising strategy to enhance cardiometabolic health, especially in individuals with obesity. Eating windows of 8-10h appear to represent the most sustainable TRE protocol, balancing metabolic efficacy with adherence. Nevertheless, further well-designed, long-term randomized controlled trials incorporating chrononutritional assessments are required to establish the optimal eating window for maximizing health outcomes in obesity.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesIntermittent FastingObesityCircadian RhythmFeeding BehaviorHumansTime FactorsCardiometabolic healthCircadian rhythmsEating windowsObesityTime-Restricted eating

Identifiers

PMID41801605
PMCPMC12971787

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.