ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026
Direct and indirect benefits of cooperation in collective defense against predation.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- An insect that cooperates like bacteria.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Group Size Dependent Selection for Cooperation Versus Freeloading in Collective Chemical Defence.Ecology letters · 2026Article
- Direct and indirect benefits of cooperation in collective defense against predation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Sex-biased cooperation among immature peers: it matters who helps whom.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- High detectability costs select weak warning signals in chemically defended gregarious prey.Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral EcologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The evolution and maintenance of public goods cooperation, despite cheating, remains a key interest in social biology. Identifying how ecological factors determine the direct and indirect benefits that maintain cooperation has proven challenging, as these can vary significantly across species and environments. Here, we study this problem using the social pine sawfly
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.