Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41803180›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Long-read sequencing of families reveals increased germline and postzygotic mutation rates in repetitive DNA.

Michelle D Noyes, Yang Sui, Youngjun Kwon, Nidhi Koundinya, Isaac Wong, Katherine M Munson, Kendra Hoekzema, Jennifer Kordosky, Gage H Garcia, Jordan Knuth and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Special Issue "Human Traits and Genomics: An Integrative Perspective".International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Pangenome discovery of missing autism variants.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Michelle D NoyesDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Yang SuiDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7285-8733
Youngjun KwonDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5024-2134
Nidhi KoundinyaDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-7155-1287
Isaac WongDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-5748
Katherine M MunsonDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8413-6498
Kendra HoekzemaDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Jennifer KordoskyDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Gage H GarciaDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-2383-722X
Jordan KnuthDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-0176-7093
Alexandra P LewisDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Evan E EichlerDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. ee3@uw.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-4014

Funding

Sporadic Mutations and Autism Spectrum DisordersR01MH101221 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI EICHLER, EVAN · 2013 to 2025
$9.2M
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) N/ANIMH NIH HHS R01 MH101221Simons Foundation 810018EEU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01MH101221
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Long-read sequencing improves sensitivity to discover variation in complex repetitive regions, assign parent-of-origin, and distinguish germline from postzygotic mutations. We applied Illumina, Oxford Nanopore Technologies, and PacBio sequencing to discover and validate de novo mutations in 73 children from 42 autism families (157 individuals). We assay 2.77 Gbp of the human genome, yielding on average 95 de novo mutations per transmission (87.5 single-nucleotide substitutions, 7.8 indels), with no significant difference in mutation rate or profile between probands and their unaffected siblings. Long reads increase de novo mutation discovery by 20-40% and double the mutations classified as early embryonic. The germline mutation rate is 1.30×10

Indexed as

Autistic DisorderDNAGerm-Line MutationMutation RateRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidChildFemaleGenome, HumanHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansMaleSequence Analysis, DNADNA

Identifiers

PMID41803180
PMCPMC13102968

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.