ReviewHepatology international2026
mRNA vaccines for hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical perspectives.
Review in Hepatology international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Toward the Era of Precision Immunotherapy: The Clinical Landscape and Future Directions of mRNA Vaccines for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major global health challenge, characterized by late diagnosis, high recurrence, and limited treatment options for advanced stages. Current therapies face limitations such as toxicity, drug resistance, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. mRNA vaccines represent a promising therapeutic strategy due to their ability to encode tumor-specific antigens and stimulate robust, targeted immune responses.
methodsThis review investigates the potential of mRNA vaccines as a therapeutic strategy for HCC. A systematic search was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from 2005 to 2025 to identify studies on mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical perspectives of mRNA vaccines in HCC therapy. Keywords, such as "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "mRNA vaccine", "Tumor-specific antigen", "Clinical trials", were used to search the databases.
resultsmRNA vaccines for HCC demonstrate potential in preclinical models by inducing antigen-specific T-cell responses and reshaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Strategies such as targeting neoantigens from aberrant splicing or non-canonical open reading frames expand the antigen repertoire. Combining mRNA vaccines with immune checkpoint inhibitors shows synergistic efficacy. However, clinical translation faces hurdles, including antigen scarcity due to low tumor mutational burden, suboptimal delivery efficiency, and the complex immunosuppressive landscape of HCC.
conclusionmRNA vaccines offer a transformative modality for HCC treatment. Realizing their full potential requires a multi-faceted approach: expanding the antigen repertoire beyond traditional mutations, developing optimized and targeted delivery systems, and employing rational combination therapies. Future biomarker-driven clinical trials are essential to establish efficacy and integrate these strategies into the HCC treatment paradigm.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41803605What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.