Evidence mapPaperPMID 41803896Full record

ArticleCardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports2026

Trends in the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists among ischemic stroke patients.

Qinglan Ding, Jason J Sico, Anthony J Perkins, Laura J Myers, Joanne K Daggy, Ali Sexson, Stanley E Taylor, Laura Burrone, Kimberly Waddell, Dawn M Bravata

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04322162 (Addressing Sleep Apnea Post-Stroke), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04322162 naunknown statusnot on this map

Addressing Sleep Apnea Post-Stroke (ASAP)

TypeinterventionalSponsorVA Office of Research and DevelopmentRan2020 to 2024Enrolled6ConditionsIschemic Stroke, Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), Obstructive Sleep ApneaArmsASAP Intervention Quality Improvement Protocol
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Qinglan DingCollege of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, 502 N. University Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA. priscillading@purdue.edu.
Jason J SicoPain Research, Informatics, and Multi-morbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
Anthony J PerkinsVA HSR&D Center for Health Information and Communication (CHIC), Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Laura J MyersVA HSR&D Center for Health Information and Communication (CHIC), Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Joanne K DaggyDepartment of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Ali SexsonVA HSR&D Center for Health Information and Communication (CHIC), Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Stanley E TaylorVA HSR&D Center for Health Information and Communication (CHIC), Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Laura BurronePain Research, Informatics, and Multi-morbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
Kimberly WaddellVA Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion (CHERP), Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Dawn M BravataVA HSR&D Center for Health Information and Communication (CHIC), Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Funding

US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Health Services Research & Development Service (HSRD) (IIR) I01HX002324
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStroke is a leading cause of death and disability. Trials suggest that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide-receptor-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) reduce cardiovascular risk in selected populations.

objectivesTo describe facility-level use of SGLT-2i/GLP-1 RAs among patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke in the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals and to examine facility determinants of prescribing.

methodsWe performed a retrospective trend analysis across 88 VA facilities (fiscal years 2020–2023). Prescribing was ascertained from VA pharmacy data; the outcome was the proportion of ischemic-stroke admissions receiving an SGLT-2i or GLP-1 RA. Facility-level binomial logistic models evaluated associations with VA hospital complexity (1, high; 2, low complexity), rural-serving, and volume.

resultsAmong 17,093 admissions, facility-level prescribing ranged from 13.2% to 38.3%. Overall use increased from 21.8% (2020) to 30.1% (2023; P < 0.001), driven largely by patients with diabetes (38.9% to 51.5%); rates also increased in overweight patients (27.1% to 34.3%) but remained low in those without diabetes or overweight (3.4% to 7.0%, P = 0.010). Across years, 45.7% of patients with diabetes received therapy versus 7.8% without diabetes. In adjusted analyses, prescribing rates were lower at complexity 1b (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.66–0.96) and 1c (OR 0.69, 95%CI 0.58–0.83) versus 2; rural-serving and volume were not associated with prescribing.

conclusionsUse of SGLT-2i/GLP-1 RAs among patients with ischemic stroke increased modestly but remained low in those without diabetes. Substantial between-facility variation—particularly low prescribing rates at complexity class 1b/1c sites—highlights the need for future studies to evaluate barriers in prescribing.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04322162. Registration Date of 04/02/2020.

Indexed as

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsIschemic strokePrescribing patternsSodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitorsType 2 diabetesVeterans

Identifiers

PMID41803896
PMCPMC12973876

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.