Evidence mapPaperPMID 41804199Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Economic burden of type 2 diabetes management in France according to clinical characteristics.

Bruno Guerci, Christèle Blanc-Bisson, Eric Vicaut, Gérard De Pouvourville, Bruno Detournay, Corinne Emery, Isabelle Bureau, Taos Ihaddadene-Salzgeber, Fleur Levrat-Guillen, Jean-Pierre Riveline

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Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Bruno GuerciDepartment of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, CHRU Nancy, Brabois Hospitals, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6211-464X
Christèle Blanc-BissonDépartement de Médecine Générale, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7982-8801
Eric VicautURC HUSLS, Lariboisière Fernand Widal Hospital, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6303-8557
Gérard De PouvourvilleDepartment of Economics, ESSEC Business School, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5941-6823
Bruno DetournayHealth Economics, Statistics Department, CEMKA, Bourg-La-Reine, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-4608
Corinne EmeryHealth Economics, Statistics Department, CEMKA, Bourg-La-Reine, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7333-0567
Isabelle BureauHealth Economics, Statistics Department, CEMKA, Bourg-La-Reine, France.
Taos Ihaddadene-SalzgeberGlobal HEOR (Health Economics and Outcomes Research), Abbott France, Rungis, France.
Fleur Levrat-GuillenGlobal HEOR (Health Economics and Outcomes Research), Abbott Ltd, Maidenhead, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4741-3681
Jean-Pierre RivelineDepartment of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Lariboisiere Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7991-0741

Funding

Abbott Diabetes Care
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimWe sought to investigate the treatment, medication patterns, and economic burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in France. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis was a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study of a representative sample of adults in the national healthcare system claims database in 2022. Patients with T2D were compared with a propensity-score-matched cohort without diabetes.

resultsIn total, 80 127 patients with T2D (mean age, 68.4 years; 54.5% men; receiving diabetes treatment, 66 891) were matched to 237 607 controls. Insulin-containing regimens were prescribed to 20.3% of treated patients; 40.0%, 24.8%, and 13.0% were receiving non-insulin monotherapy, dual therapy and triple therapy, respectively. Insulin use was more common in overseas departments than in metropolitan France (25.5% vs. 20.0%). Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists were prescribed to 17.0% of treated patients. Continuous glucose monitoring prescriptions were recorded in the last quarter of 2022 for 5.6% of treated patients (of whom 94.0% were using insulin). Overall, costs were higher for patients with T2D than for controls (6614€ vs. 3797€), and for patients in overseas departments, compared with metropolitan France (7210€ vs. 6484€).

conclusionsThe cost of treating patients with T2D is almost double that of controls without diabetes. However, the overall costs of treating diabetes in 2022 appear to be stable compared with 2013. Expanding access to new treatments and technologies could help improve clinical outcomes in T2D, potentially leading to reductions in costly complications. There is a need for improved health policies for people living with T2D in the overseas departments.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Health Care CostsHypoglycemic AgentsAgedContinuous Glucose MonitoringCross-Sectional StudiesDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleFranceHumansInsulinMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesHypoglycemic AgentsInsulincostsFrancereal‐worldretrospective studytreatmenttype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41804199
PMCPMC13071239

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.