ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Multifunctional Glycine-Carbon Dots Protect Against Arsenic Hepatotoxicity Through Redox Balance and PI3K/AKT Activation.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The theranostic potential of glycine-derived carbon dots (Gly/CDs) against arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to synthesize Gly/CDs via a green, microwave-assisted method and to systematically evaluate their hepatoprotective efficacy and underlying mechanisms in a sodium arsenite (NaAsO Methods: Gly/CDs were synthesized using citric acid, urea, and glycine as precursors. Their physicochemical properties were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Following in vivo biocompatibility assessment, a murine model of NaAsO Results: Gly/CDs exhibited excellent biocompatibility and demonstrated significant hepatoprotective effects, including restoration of redox homeostasis, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and attenuation of hepatocellular DNA damage, apoptosis, and fibrotic remodeling. Transcriptomic profiling suggested the involvement of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as a key molecular axis associated with the observed therapeutic effects. Overall, Gly/CDs preserved hepatic structure and function under chronic arsenic exposure. Conclusion: This study provides the first comprehensive evidence that Gly/CDs function as biologically active nano-antioxidants capable of mitigating arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity through redox modulation and modulation of PI3K/AKT signaling activity. Given their low toxicity, ease of synthesis, and multifunctional properties, Gly/CDs represent a promising nanotherapeutic platform for applications in redox biology, toxicology, and environmental health.
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