Evidence mapPaperPMID 41804835Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Sex-Specific Associations of Inflammatory Biomarkers With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Across Glycaemic Status: A Prospective UK Biobank Study.

Yawen Zhang, Menghan Li, Manrong Xu, Yun Shen, Lianxi Li, Gang Hu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yawen ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7840-0480
Menghan LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6981-6078
Manrong XuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0519-1593
Yun ShenChronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Centre, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9850-122X
Lianxi LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6073-4901
Gang HuChronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Centre, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6172-8017

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2018YFC1314905National Natural Science Foundation of China 81770813National Natural Science Foundation of China 82070866Shanghai Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2022ZZ01002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo explore sex-specific heterogeneity in the prognostic discrimination of inflammatory markers for mortality across different glycaemic states.

methodsThis prospective cohort study included 450 438 participants from the UK Biobank (median follow-up: 15.3 years), stratified by sex and glycaemic status. Cox models were applied to evaluate associations between eight inflammatory markers-CRP, WBC, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), CRP-to-lymphocyte ratio (CLR), inflammatory burden index (IBI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI)-and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with markers analysed in parallel using independent models. Dose-response associations and discriminative performance were assessed using restricted cubic splines (RCS) and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, respectively. Spearman correlation analyses were conducted to contextualize relationships between inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic phenotypes.

resultsDeteriorating glycaemic status was associated with progressively higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in both sexes, together with sex-specific differences in inflammatory marker trajectories. As glycaemia worsened, the discriminative performance of inflammatory markers for mortality tended to attenuate in women but remained generally more stable in men. Time-dependent ROC analyses suggested stage- and sex-specific heterogeneity. In diabetes, NLR showed stronger early discrimination in women, whereas SIRI showed more stable discrimination in men and at later follow-up in women.

conclusionInflammatory biomarkers show sex- and glycaemia-specific patterns in mortality discrimination, with NLR and SIRI showing comparatively stable discrimination, particularly in diabetes.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseCardiovascular DiseasesInflammationAgedBiological Specimen BanksBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisProspective StudiesSex FactorsUK BiobankUnited KingdomBiomarkersBlood GlucoseC-Reactive Proteinall‐cause mortalitycardiovascular mortalityglycaemic statusinflammatory biomarkerssex characteristics

Identifiers

PMID41804835
PMCPMC13146144

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.