Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41806128›Full record

ArticleMedical mycology2026

Lumbar puncture frequency and patient survival among persons hospitalized with cryptococcal meningitis in the United States.

Madison Okuno, Elizabeth L Schwartz, Kaitlin Benedict, Jason Massey, David R Boulware, Jeremy A W Gold, Nathan C Bahr

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Medical mycology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Madison OkunoDivision of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5661-8147
Elizabeth L SchwartzDivision of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9550-0635
Kaitlin BenedictMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0458-2493
Jason MasseyMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
David R BoulwareDivision of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
Jeremy A W GoldMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
Nathan C BahrDivision of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9431-8938

Funding

Understanding the causes of second episode cryptococcal meningitis to improve diagnosis and treatmentRF1NS145626 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI BAHR, NATHAN, MEYA, DAVID BISAGAYA · 2025 to 2025
$3.0M
Novel Diagnostic Development for TB Meningitis and HistoplasmosisK23NS110470 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI BAHR, NATHAN · 2019 to 2023
$1.0M
Midcareer Mentoring for Clinical Research in HIV/AIDS-related cryptococcal and TB meningitisK24AI184270 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI David R Boulware · 2024 to 2026
$648k
NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI184270NIH HHS K23NS110470NIH HHS K24AI184270NIH HHS RF1NS145626NINDS NIH HHSNINDS NIH HHS K23 NS110470NINDS NIH HHS RF1 NS145626
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Elevated intracranial pressure contributes to high mortality in cryptococcal meningitis. We evaluated the association between therapeutic lumbar punctures (LPs) and survival among patients hospitalized with cryptococcal meningitis in the United States. Repeat LPs were associated with lower mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.29-0.49) overall, in people with HIV (HR 0.33; 95% CI, 0.21-0.50), in transplant recipients (HR 0.21; 95% CI, 0.08-0.58), and in persons without HIV or transplant (HR 0.44; 95% CI, 0.30-0.64) compared with receipt of only diagnostic LP. Findings support guideline-recommended repeat LP across diverse populations.

Indexed as

Meningitis, CryptococcalSpinal PunctureAdultAgedFemaleHIV InfectionsHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurvival AnalysisUnited Statescryptococcal meningitiscryptococcosisHIVlumbar puncturetransplant

Identifiers

PMID41806128
PMCPMC13014035

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.