Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41807498›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Repellent activity against Aedes aegypti and metabolomic profiling of Myrica gale L. essential oils from Irish boglands.

Sophie E Whyms, Shipra Nagar, Hailey A Luker, April D Lopez, Maria Pigott, Trevor R Hodkinson, Helen Sheridan, Immo A Hansen, John J Walsh

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sophie E Whyms *NatPro Centre, Trinity College Dublin, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin 02, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland.
Shipra NagarNatPro Centre, Trinity College Dublin, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin 02, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland.
Hailey A LukerDepartment of Biology, New Mexico State University, 1200 S. Horseshoe Dr., Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
April D LopezDepartment of Biology, New Mexico State University, 1200 S. Horseshoe Dr., Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
Maria PigottNatPro Centre, Trinity College Dublin, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin 02, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland.
Trevor R HodkinsonDepartment of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 02, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland.
Helen SheridanNatPro Centre, Trinity College Dublin, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin 02, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland.
Immo A HansenDepartment of Biology, New Mexico State University, 1200 S. Horseshoe Dr., Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
John J WalshNatPro Centre, Trinity College Dublin, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin 02, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland. jjwalsh@tcd.ie.

Funding

Department of Justice Ireland DOJProject209825NIGMS NIH HHS R35GM144049 and T32GM148394
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bog myrtle (Myrica gale L.) is an ethnobotanically significant bogland plant with historic use as an insect repellent. Essential oils, hydro-distilled from bog myrtle leaves and fruits collected from four locations in Ireland, were analysed by GC-MS and tested for repellence against Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito. Contact (arm-in-cage) and spatial (Y-tube olfactometer) repellence assays were used. Commercial essential oils from M. gale, Myrtus communis and Syzygium aromaticum (clove oil) were also tested. The most effective bog myrtle essential oil in both assays was a Clevenger-hydro-distilled fruit oil, MG4C. Whilst exhibiting significant mean complete protection time in the arm-in-cage assay, it also exhibited strong spatial repellence in the Y-tube olfactometer. Repellence in M. gale samples was linked to a higher monoterpene content reflected by the monoterpene to sesquiterpene (M/S) ratio calculated using GC-MS data. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis linked spatial repellence to α-phellandrene and myrcene, whilst quantification of key terpenes alluded to delta-3-carene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene and camphene potentially contributing to the observed effects. This study establishes that specific bog myrtle essential oils are effective mosquito repellents.

Indexed as

AedesInsect RepellentsOils, VolatileAnimalsGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryIrelandMetabolomicsPlant OilsInsect RepellentsOils, VolatilePlant OilsArm-in-cageBog myrtleEssential oilsInsect-repellentMultivariate data analysisY-tube olfactometer

Identifiers

PMID41807498
PMCPMC13096425

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.