Evidence mapPaperPMID 41807980Full record

ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2026

Investigating complementary and alternative medicine in Norwegian hospitals: a cross-sectional study with process evaluation.

Trine Stub, Teklay T Kidanemariam, Solveig Johansson, Agnete E Kristoffersen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Trine StubFaculty of Health Science, Institute of Community Medicine, National Research Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NAFKAM), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansensveg 19, Tromsø, 9037, Norway. trine.stub@uit.no.
Teklay T KidanemariamFaculty of Health Science, Institute of Community Medicine, Master's in Public Health, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansensveg 19, Tromsø, 9037, Norway.
Solveig JohanssonFaculty of Health Science, Institute of Community Medicine, National Research Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NAFKAM), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansensveg 19, Tromsø, 9037, Norway.
Agnete E KristoffersenFaculty of Health Science, Institute of Community Medicine, National Research Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NAFKAM), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansensveg 19, Tromsø, 9037, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHospitals worldwide have expanded their offerings of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in recent years. However, there is a lack of updated data about CAM services offered in Norwegian hospitals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of CAM in Norwegian hospitals and explore how CAM is practiced within these hospitals.

methodsThis study employed a mixed-methods approach, including a cross-sectional survey administered to all Norwegian hospitals (response rate, 74%; n = 215) and a process evaluation with healthcare providers (n = 11) practicing CAM at these hospitals. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and binary logistic regression. Content analysis was employed to analyze the process evaluation data.

resultsMore than half of the hospitals (54%, n = 115) reported offering CAM to patients, and the highest prevalence was reported at clinics for substance abuse (77%, n = 27) and psychiatric hospitals (75% n = 41). Acupuncture (21%, n = 45), expressive art therapy (21%, n = 45), and yoga (21%, n = 45) were the most used modalities. In a process evaluation, four main themes were identified: the incorporation of CAM at hospitals, Reasons for offering CAM at hospitals, Advantages of offering CAM at hospitals, and the Safety of CAM.

conclusionThis study demonstrates that CAM is widely offered in Norwegian hospitals, consistent with previous research. While participants in the process evaluation viewed CAM as a holistic and beneficial approach to care, its adoption remains inconsistent across institutions. This variability, likely due to the lack of defined CAM roles and job descriptions, may pose indirect risks to both healthcare providers and patients. Standardized guidelines are needed to ensure safe and fair implementation.

Indexed as

Complementary TherapiesHospitalsCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansNorwaySurveys and QuestionnairesCAMComplementary and Alternative MedicineHospitalsNorway

Identifiers

PMID41807980
PMCPMC13188417

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.