Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41808216›Full record

ArticleGenome biology2026

GPU-accelerated linkage disequilibrium scans reveal non-independent assortment of human non-homologous chromosomes.

Wenhua Lv, Yuping Zou, Zhenwei Shang, Siyu Wei, Chen Sun, Jing Xu, Haiyan Chen, Junxian Tao, Hongsheng Tian, Shuo Bi and 6 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Wenhua Lv *College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
Yuping Zou *College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
Zhenwei Shang *College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
Siyu Wei *College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
Chen SunCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
Jing XuCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
Haiyan ChenCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
Junxian TaoCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
Hongsheng TianCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
Shuo BiCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
Xuying GuoCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
Yu DongCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
Chen ZhangCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
Mingming ZhangCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China. zhangmingming@hrbmu.edu.cn.
Hongchao LvCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China. hongchaolyu@hrbmu.edu.cn.
Yongshuai JiangCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin, China. jiangyongshuai@hrbmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Marshal Initiative Funding HMUMIF-22010Mathematical Tianyuan Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China 12026414National Natural Science Foundation of China 31970651National Natural Science Foundation of China 92046018the Excellent Youth Support plan of Education Department of Heilongjiang Province YQJH2023036
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe independence of assortment between loci on non‑homologous chromosomes, as proposed by Mendel's laws, has not been rigorously validated at the whole‑genome scale due to the computational demands of estimating inter‑chromosomal linkage disequilibrium.

resultsUsing a GPU-accelerated method, we calculate approximately 100 trillion linkage disequilibrium coefficients among 22 non-homologous chromosomes across 26 populations from the 1000 Genomes Project. Contrary to the assumption of independent segregation of non-homologous chromosomes during meiosis, linkage disequilibrium mapping of 2,594 samples reveals 1,195 locus pairs with high linkage disequilibrium (r2 ≥ 0.8), clustered near centromere regions. This pattern is consistently observed across super‑populations and individual populations. Seven populations of African ancestry have the fewest high linkage disequilibrium inter-chromosomal pairs, while five populations of East Asian ancestry show the most high linkage disequilibrium pairs, mirroring known population evolutionary history.

conclusionsThese findings indicate that human non‑homologous chromosomes do not assort fully independently in the centromere region, suggesting possible inter‑centromeric haplotypes.

Indexed as

Chromosomes, HumanLinkage DisequilibriumCentromereHaplotypesHumansCentromereEvolutionLinkage disequilibriumNon-homologous chromosomesNon-independent assortment

Identifiers

PMID41808216
PMCPMC13097867

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.