Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41808831›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2026

Controlling nutritional status score predicts clinical outcome in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lianghui Zhang, Quanli Zhang, Tao Ling, Lingli Huang

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Lianghui Zhang *Department of Oncology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China.
Quanli Zhang *Department of Scientific Research, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Innovative Cancer Diagnosis & Therapeutics, Nanjing, China.
Tao LingDepartment of Pharmacy, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China.
Lingli HuangDepartment of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: To investigate the association between pretreatment controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and clinical outcomes for cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Medline and Embase from inception of the databases to November 2025 to identify eligible studies concerning the relationship between pretreatment CONUT and survival outcomes in cancer patients treated with ICIs. Published data were extracted and risk ratio (RR) for objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS), progressive-free survival (PFS), along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled. Data were analyzed using Stata14.0 software. Results: Ten studies involving 747 participants were included in this study. Patients were divided into low CONUT group and high CONUT group according to the cut-off value of CONUT score. Patients in high CONUT group had worse ORR and DCR than those in low CONUT group (RR 1.39, 95%CI 1.04-1.86;RR 1.64, 95%CI 1.32-2.03). Patients in high CONUT group had shorter PFS and OS than those in low CONUT group (1.71, 95%CI 1.21-2.42; 1.95, 95%CI 1.21-3.14). Subgroup analysis of cut-off value showed that PFS and OS of patients in high CONUT group were significantly shorter with a cut-off value of 3, and PFS of patients in high CONUT group were also worse than those of patients in the low CONUT group. Subgroup analysis of country indicated that both patients from Japan in high CONUT group had worse PFS and OS than those in low CONUT group, the OS of patients from China in high CONUT group was shorter than those in low CONUT group. Conclusion: The CONUT score has potential value as an effective biomarker for the efficacy and prognosis of cancer patients treated with ICIs. In the future, large-scale prospective cohort studies should be conducted to determine the optimal cut-off value of CONUT, and to explore whether early and proactive nutritional and anti-inflammatory support based on CONUT score can reverse the adverse prognosis. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42022378362, identifier CRD42022378362.

Indexed as

Immune Checkpoint InhibitorsNeoplasmsNutritional StatusHumansNutrition AssessmentPrognosisTreatment OutcomeImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorscancercontrolling nutritional statusimmune checkpoint inhibitorimmunonutritionmeta-analysisprognosis

Identifiers

PMID41808831
PMCPMC12967986

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.