Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41808833›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Giggil Pushpamithran, Daniel Appelgren, Robert H Gilman, Robert Blomgran

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Giggil PushpamithranDivision of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Daniel AppelgrenDivision of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Robert H GilmanLaboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Robert BlomgranDivision of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of helminth exposure on T cell activation in a T and B cell co-culture system. Methods: T and B cells were isolated from healthy donor blood, stimulated with aCD3/aCD28, and exposed to Results: B cells reduced T cell proliferation, and SM exposure partly attenuated this inhibitory effect on CD4 T cells. ASC exposure did not affect T cell proliferation but increased soluble IL-15Rα and surface IL-15Rα and IL-2/15Rβ on CD4 T cells. Restimulation with recombinant human IL-15 revealed reduced and unsustained STAT5 activation in CD4 and CD8 T cells in ASC-exposed co-cultures. Additional analysis showed altered phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6, indicating broader impairment of IL-15 responsiveness and a dampened Th1 activation profile. BCL6/BLIMP-1 transcription factor expression of B cells in ASC-exposed co-cultures suggested a shift toward a more differentiated phenotype, such as plasma cell, memory B cells, or marginal zone MZ B cells, which are all typically BCL6 Conclusion: ASC antigen exposure modulates T cell activation through dynamic regulation of the IL-15-pathway and STAT signaling. These findings suggest that ASC exposure may help prevent prolonged IL-15-driven responses, potentially limiting excessive inflammation during TB. B cells in ASC-exposed co-cultures exhibit transcriptional changes consistent with a shift away from the germinal center phenotype toward more differentiated states.

Indexed as

Antigens, HelminthAscariasisAscaris lumbricoidesB-LymphocytesLymphocyte ActivationReceptors, Interleukin-15STAT5 Transcription FactorT-LymphocytesAnimalsCell DifferentiationCell ProliferationCells, CulturedCoculture TechniquesHumansPhosphorylationProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6Antigens, HelminthBCL6 protein, humanProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6Receptors, Interleukin-15STAT5 Transcription Factorhelminth infectionIL-15 signalingimmune modulationinflammationMZ B cellsSTAT5 phosphorylationT cell activationtuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID41808833
PMCPMC12967978

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.