ArticleJournal of orthopaedic translation2026
Engineering multifunctional microspheres for sequential regulation of osteoimmune microenvironment and bone remodeling balance to promote regeneration of osteoporotic bone defects.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic translation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Integrating mechanistic research and emerging technologies to advance clinical translation in orthopaedics.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: Osteoporotic bone defect repair remains clinically challenging due to persistent low-grade inflammation, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), and dysregulated bone metabolism. Approaches relying solely on osteoclast inhibition are often insufficient, particularly for irregular osteoporotic bone voids. This study aimed to develop a multifunctional microsphere system capable of sequential osteoimmune regulation and bone metabolic remodeling. Methods: Gelatin microspheres grafted with alendronate and loaded with epigallocatechin gallate (Gel@ALN@E) were fabricated via an emulsion-chemical crosslinking method to enable controlled dual-drug release. In Results: Gel@ALN@E effectively reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by promoting macrophage M2 polarization, while concurrently suppressing osteoclastogenesis and restoring bone metabolic balance. This coordinated regulation significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the downregulation of related inflammatory pathways. In Conclusion: This sequential drug release system offers a promising platform for both immunomodulation and bone regeneration in osteoporotic defect repair. The Translational Potential of this Article: The composite engineered microsphere system Gel@ALN@E integrates local immunomodulatory and osteoclast-inhibitory functions to directly address key pathological microenvironmental features of osteoporotic bone defects. This integrative design highlights its comprehensive pro-regenerative capacity and provides support for its translational application in the clinical treatment of irregular osteoporotic bone defects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.