Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41809431›Full record

ReviewMechanobiology in medicine2026

Portable electronic devices for mechanotherapy and operative treatment of osteoarthritis.

Ran Xu, Xu Jiang, Yushun Tao, Shikun Fang, Jie Li, Fan Zhao, Fujun Wang, Liao Wang, Jun Zhang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Mechanobiology in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ran XuKey Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology (Donghua University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Xu JiangShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Degeneration and Regeneration in Skeletal System, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Yushun TaoShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Degeneration and Regeneration in Skeletal System, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Shikun FangKey Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology (Donghua University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Jie LiShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Degeneration and Regeneration in Skeletal System, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Fan ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Bio-based Fiber Materials, Beijing, 100025, China.
Fujun WangKey Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology (Donghua University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Liao WangShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Degeneration and Regeneration in Skeletal System, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Jun ZhangShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Degeneration and Regeneration in Skeletal System, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is fundamentally driven by abnormal mechanical loading and the subsequent loss of joint homeostasis. Effective therapeutic strategies, whether conservative or surgical, depend on the precise restoration of physiological kinematics and load distribution. This review synthesizes recent advances in sensor technologies designed to quantify the mechanobiological environment of the knee. In non-surgical management, wearable systems utilizing inertial measurement units (IMU) and flexible pressure sensors enable the continuous monitoring of gait cycles, joint angles, and muscle activation, providing objective data for neuromuscular rehabilitation. In surgical contexts, we analyze the evolution of intraoperative sensing from rigid force-sensing spacers to emerging soft electronics in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A critical challenge remains in developing sensors with mechanical compliance similar to biological tissues and minimal thickness to fit the constrained joint space during joint-preserving procedures. We highlight the potential of novel transduction mechanisms-including piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric systems-to overcome these limitations. The integration of these flexible, self-powered technologies with data-driven analytics offers a pathway toward an integrated data-driven treatment framework, which could facilitate optimal biomechanical alignment and functional recovery.

Indexed as

Flexible electronicsIntraoperative monitoringJoint biomechanicsKnee osteoarthritisMechanobiologyWearable sensors

Identifiers

PMID41809431
PMCPMC12969310

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.