ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2026
Keratinases: microbial sources, mechanisms, and industrial applications in waste valorization.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Pilot-scale inoculum-free valorization of raw chicken feathers: ammonium recovery, keratinase production and community dynamics.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Keratinous waste, a major by-product of agriculture and animal husbandry, is produced in massive quantities and is notoriously recalcitrant to degradation. With the expansion of the poultry and livestock industries, keratinous waste accumulation (e.g., feathers, hooves, and horns) has become a pressing environmental concern. Keratin's highly cross-linked disulfide bond structure is resistant to breakdown by common proteases. Keratinase, a specialized protease capable of specifically degrading keratin, has emerges as a pivotal tool for the valorization of keratinous waste, demonstrating significant potential in waste management and resource recovery. This review systematically summarizes the enzymatic properties, mechanisms of action, and microbial sources of keratinases. It elaborates on innovative keratinase applications in waste valorization (including biogas production, the generation of bioactive peptides and amino acid feedstocks, and bioplastic manufacturing) and green industries (including leather and textile processing), as well as in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and detergent sectors. This review provides an in-depth discussion of the major challenges hindering industrial-scale keratinase application, including low heterologous expression efficiency and insufficient stability under industrial conditions. Finally, it outlines future research directions, encompassing protein engineering, artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted design, and multi-enzyme synergistic catalysis systems, aiming to offer forward-looking theoretical insights for advanced keratinase development and industrial application.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.