ArticleExploration (Beijing, China)2026
One-Stone-Three-Birds Biomimetic Oral Targeting Delivery Strategy for On-Demand Controlled Drug Release and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Therapy.
Article in Exploration (Beijing, China), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a multifactorial condition characterized by excessive inflammation, immune dysfunction, and metabolic disorders. Current therapeutic strategies primarily rely on local injection, a traumatic approach associated with risks of tissue damage and infection. Therefore, developing safer, non-invasive, and precisely targeted drug delivery systems capable of multi-targeted interventions for the degenerating nucleus pulposus remains a significant challenge in IDD treatment. In this study, we designed a novel biomimetic oral delivery system featuring targeted drug delivery to degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs) and on-demand drug release. This system utilizes yeast microcapsules (YC) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoparticles to deliver Celastrol (Cel), a bioactive compound derived from traditional Chinese medicine. After oral administration, the system achieves targeted transport to IVDs through macrophage "hitchhiking," where the inflammatory microenvironment rich in ROS triggers accelerated Cel release. Importantly, this strategy embodies a "One-Stone-Three-Birds" therapeutic approach, simultaneously exerting multi-targeted biological effects: inhibiting inflammasome activation, reprogramming macrophage polarization, and modulating lipid metabolism. These synergistic actions reverse the adverse degenerative microenvironment of the nucleus pulposus, promote tissue regeneration, and effectively suppress the progression of IDD. This research presents a novel, non-invasive oral targeted delivery strategy for IDD treatment, integrating biomimetic engineering with on-demand drug release. This innovative approach offers a comprehensive framework for microenvironmental remodeling and provides new insights into intervertebral disc regeneration.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.