ArticleNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2026
Clinical Utility of Peripheral Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants in Differentiating Major Depressive Disorder from Bipolar Disorder: Associations with Antioxidant Levels, Hospitalization Outcomes, and Antidepressant Efficacy.
Article in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate changes in peripheral blood non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) across different disease stages from a laboratory perspective, and to explore their potential clinical applications. Methods: This single-center retrospective case-control study was conducted at Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital between January and December 2023. A total of 290 participants aged ≥ 16 years were enrolled, including 140 BD patients, 72 MDD patients, and 78 healthy controls (HC). Between-group comparisons for two groups were performed using independent samples t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed for multi-group comparisons of continuous variables. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was further used to compare serum levels of uric acid (UA), albumin (Alb), and total bilirubin (TBIL) among the MDD, BD, and HC groups, with age and sex as covariates. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent predictors of MDD and BD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated based on predicted probabilities from the regression models. Statistical significance was set at a two-tailed Results: Compared with HC, MDD patients exhibited significantly lower serum UA levels ( Conclusion: Serum UA level could serve as a potential biomarker for distinguishing MDD from BD, with lower UA levels observed in MDD patients and relatively higher levels in BD patients. The combined detection of UA, Alb, and TBIL demonstrated favorable diagnostic performance for both disorders, and was associated with the length of hospital stay. Furthermore, antidepressant use during the depressive episode of BD may be associated with prolonged hospital stay. These findings may help improve the early differential diagnosis and clinical management of MDD and BD, and provide a reference for individualized treatment and hospitalization strategies in clinical practice.
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