ArticleAsian journal of pharmaceutical sciences2026
High-dose treatment of cathepsin B-activatable doxorubicin prodrug nanoparticles that induce tumor-specific immunogenic cell death for immunotherapy of melanoma with minimal systemic toxicity.
Article in Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Highly potent chemotherapy provides rapid therapeutic efficacy in melanoma, but is often limited by drug resistance, off-target toxicity, and systemic toxicity. Combination therapy with chemotherapy and immunotherapy has attracted much attention but still faces challenges such as inconsistent immune responses and systemic toxicity. To address these limitations, we developed cathepsin B-activatable doxorubicin (DOX) prodrug nanoparticles (CatB-NPs) for inducing tumor-specific immunogenic cell death (ICD), while minimizing off-target toxicity in normal tissues with low cathepsin B expression. The cathepsin B-activatable DOX prodrug was synthesized by conjugating the cathepsin B-cleavable peptide (FRRL) to DOX, yielding FRRL-DOX. The amphiphilic FRRL-DOX formed stable nanoparticles (163.6 ± 13.5 nm) through intermolecular hydrophobic interaction and π
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