ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2026
Extracellular Vesicles From Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Drive Muscle and Neuronal Regeneration Through TNFα Modulation.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Muscle defects caused by accidents, tumour resection and congenital malformations affect paediatric and adult patients. In this context, the neural-muscle regeneration potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells derived from extracellular vesicles (EV) has been demonstrated by our group and others, but the mechanism by which EVs act remains unknown. This work aimed to investigate the neural-muscle regeneration mechanism shown by EVs in vivo using three-dimensional (3D) multicellular in vitro models. We used (1) human muscle decellularised tissue (ECM) engineered with human muscle precursor cells (hMPC) together with macrophages THP-1 (M0) and (2) organotypic spinal cord from rat foetuses. We also studied neuroinflammation in 2D with primary microglia cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Samples treated with good manufacturing practices (GMP)-grade EVs were assessed, combining functional analyses, protein and gene expression. In the functional muscle model, EVs protect the cells from death after damage, decreasing cCAS3 and stimulating cell proliferation. The protein array and gene results highlighted that EVs act through the downregulation of the TNFα factor. In parallel, in both neuroinflammation-induced microglia and organotypic spinal cord-damaged models, EVs regulated the neuroinflammation by inhibiting TNFα and promoting neural axon sprouting. In summary, EVs guard great potential for tissue regeneration by TNFα modulation, promoting muscle-neural regeneration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.