Evidence mapPaperPMID 41811375Full record

SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2026

Economic evaluation of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors compared with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.

Lu Wang, Yinglin Wang, Quan Zhao

Abstract readSystematic ReviewComparative StudyReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Lu Wang *Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China. wanglu784940819@163.com.
Yinglin Wang *Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China.
Quan ZhaoDepartment of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China. zhaoquan_1419@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeA systematic review was performed to assess the economic evaluation of sodium glucose transporters 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors vs GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) in treating type 2 diabetes.

methodsThe relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane from the inception date to February 20, 2025. The titles, abstracts, and full texts were independently evaluated and screened by two authors. Additionally, the economic evaluation studies were assessed independently by two authors.

results18 studies were included, evaluating oral semaglutide vs empagliflozin (n = 7), both oral semaglutide vs empagliflozin and subcutaneous semaglutide vs canagliflozin (n = 1), subcutaneous semaglutide vs empagliflozin (n = 4), liraglutide vs empagliflozin (n = 4), liraglutide vs dapagliflozin (n = 1), and subcutaneous semaglutide vs canagliflozin (n = 1).

conclusionThe results showed that when patients were assumed to receive initial therapies until HbA1c exceeded the target level and then treatment was intensified to basal insulin, GLP-1RA was cost-effective compared to SGLT2 inhibitors (semaglutide vs empagliflozin and liraglutide vs dapagliflozin). Empagliflozin demonstrated cost-effectiveness when the treatment with either empagliflozin or semaglutide would have continued indefinitely. Compared with empagliflozin, liraglutide may not be a cost-effective treatment option for patients with T2D who were not well-controlled with metformin.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsBenzhydryl CompoundsCanagliflozinCost-Benefit AnalysisCost-Effectiveness AnalysisGlucagon-Like PeptidesGlucosidesGlycated HemoglobinHumansLiraglutideSemaglutideBenzhydryl CompoundsCanagliflozindapagliflozinempagliflozinGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlucagon-Like PeptidesGlucosidesGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutideSemaglutideSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsCost-effectivenessGLP-1 Receptor AgonistsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsSystematic ReviewType 2 Diabetes

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.