Evidence mapPaperPMID 41811585Full record

ArticleMolecular imaging and biology2026

Photoacoustic Imaging of Muscle Tissue Oxygenation as a Noninvasive Biomarker in Mouse Models of Sickle Cell Disease.

Jeffrey Morin, Megan Brophy, John Stansfield, Debra Pittman, Dinesh Hirenallur-Shanthappa

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Article in Molecular imaging and biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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5 authors.

Jeffrey Morin *Comparative Medicine-Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
Megan Brophy *Be Biopharma, Cambridge, MA, USA.
John StansfieldEarly Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
Debra PittmanAlexion, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Dinesh Hirenallur-ShanthappaComparative Medicine-Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA. dineshh@pfizer.com.ORCID 0000-0001-5944-6670

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo develop and validate photoacoustic imaging (PAI) as a method to assess hemoglobin counts and muscle tissue oxygen saturation in a mouse model of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD. PROCEDURES: In vivo PAI was performed on mice with a SCD phenotype and results were compared to those from animals carrying a homozygous knockout of Bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM), meant to annul the SCD phenotype, as well as controls (129 strain), then further compared to sickling assay results of blood collected from the same mice.

resultsPAI of the hindlimb muscles of SCD mice demonstrated significant decrease in tissue oxygen saturation (sO2) compared to control mice (28.4% vs 35.5%). Further PAI of mice with a genetic knock out of BPGM on an SCD background revealed tissue sO2 significantly greater (32.6%) than SCD mice and close to those in controls. These results correlate well with standard measurements of RBC sickling via cell counts. Hemoglobin counts derived from PAI further confirm the reduced tissue oxygen saturation measurements in SCD mice.

conclusionsPAI synergizes the specificity of optical imaging with the depth penetration capability of ultrasound to measure tissue oxygen saturation at deeper levels of tissue. The results of this study suggest this imaging method can be used to non-invasively measure hemoglobin counts and tissue oxygen levels as in vivo biomarkers in preclinical models of SCD, and potentially in the clinic as well.

Indexed as

Anemia, Sickle CellBiomarkersMusclesOxygenPhotoacoustic TechniquesAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalHemoglobinsMiceMice, KnockoutBiomarkersHemoglobinsOxygenIn vivo imagingMuscle tissue oxygen saturationPhotoacoustic imagingPreclinical modelSickle cell disease (SCD)Ultrasound

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.